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Table 3 Cox proportional hazards analyses assessing the association between TLR-induced cytokine responses and the risk of malaria during the first year of life. Adjusted hazard ratio and 95% CI for each model is shown

From: Modulation of innate immune responses at birth by prenatal malaria exposure and association with malaria risk during the first year of life

Cytokines**

Unstimulated

TLR3 responses

TLR7/8 responses

TLR9 responses

Crude

Crude

Ratios

Crude

Ratios

Crude

Ratios

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

Pro

IFN-α

  

0.24 (0.05–1.10)

    

IL-1RA*

   

0.61 (0.36–1.03)

0.70 (0.50–0.98)

  

IL-1β

1.16 (0.98–1.37)

1.15 (0.97–1.36)

   

1.18 (1.01–1.39)

 

TNF

       

Anti

IL-10

 

1.12 (0.99–1.25)

     

IL-7

 

1.80 (1.26–2.58)

1.54 (1.11–2.15)

    

Th1

IL-15

     

1.22 (0.96–1.54)

 

IL-12*

1.28 (0.97–1.69)

1.26 (0.95–1.68)

0.27 (0.07–1.15)

 

0.76 (0.59–0.98)

 

0.46 (0.20–1.04)

IL-2

       

IL-2R

       

IFN-γ

       

Th2

IL-13

       

IL-5

       

IL-4

       

Th17

IL-17

       

IL-6

       

Chemokines

IL-8

       

IP-10*

0.64 (0.38–1.08)

0.66 (0.46–0.93)

   

0.75 (0.59–0.96)

 

MCP-1

       

MIG

      

0.77 (0.56–1.05)

MIP-1α

     

1.13 (0.97–1.31)

 

MIP-1β

       

RANTES

       

EOTAXIN

1.83 (1.11–3.01)

1.60 (0.99–2.58)

0.19 (0.03–1.14)

1.72 (1.01–2.94)

  

0.46 (0.24–0.86)

Growth factors

EGF

   

0.29 (0.08–1.07)

   

FGF

 

1.63 (0.91–2.93)

     

G-CSF

1.24 (0.97–1.57)

      

GM-CSF*

   

1.28 (1.01–1.15)

   

HGF

       

VEGF

       
  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Pro proinflammatory cytokines, Anti anti-inflammatory cytokines, Th1 Th1-type cytokines, Th2 Th2-type cytokines, Th17 Th17-type cytokines. **Only results of cox proportional analysis for cytokines with P value (P) ≤ 0.100 are presented. *Cytokines whose levels were significantly modified by prenatal malaria exposure categories. Significant results are shwon in italic
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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