Table 1 Baseline characteristic of participants categorised by incident disease status at follow-up

Number of participants

499

209

817

104

Age (years)

42.8 (9.9)

46.9 (8.9)

47.4 (8.3)

48.2 (7.7)

 < 0.001

0.21

0.37

Sex, n (%)

 < 0.001

0.070

0.015

 Male

219 (43.9)

119 (56.9)

451 (55.2)

71 (68.3)

 Female

280 (56.1)

90 (43.1)

366 (44.8)

33 (31.7)

Smoking, n (%)

0.0037

0.076

0.026

 Male

126 (25.3)

85 (40.7)

277 (33.9)

46 (44.2)

 Female

41 (8.2)

16 (7.7)

61 (7.5)

2 (1.9)

BMI (kg/m²)

24.3 (3.5)

24.7 (4.0)

25.5 (3.8)

25.9 (3.6)

 < 0.001

0.011

0.35

Obesity status, n (%)

69 (13.83)

42 (20.1)

218 (26.7)

32 (30.8)

 < 0.001

0.051

0.44

Glucose status, n (%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.071

 Normal glucose tolerance

194 (38.9)

83 (39.7)

197 (24.1)

18 (17.3)

 Impaired glucose tolerance

164 (32.9)

65 (31.1)

266 (32.6)

45 (43.3)

 Type 2 diabetes

141 (28.3)

61 (29.2)

354 (43.3)

41 (39.4)

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

6.0 (2.3)

6.0 (2.4)

6.8 (2.7)

6.4 (2.3)

0.11

0.20

0.13

1-h plasma glucose (mmol/L)

10.6 (4.3)

10.9 (4.6)

12.4 (4.7)

12.1 (4.0)

0.0020

0.030

0.50

2-h plasma glucose (mmol/L)

9.1 (4.5)

9.3 (4.8)

10.9 (5.0)

10.5 (4.3)

0.0030

0.038

0.44

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

124 (20.7)

128 (21.5)

135 (25.4)

136 (24.5)

 < 0.001

0.0050

0.64

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

82 (12.4)

85 (13.8)

88 (15.3)

89 (15.0)

 < 0.001

0.012

0.52

Hypertension status, n (%)

185 (37.1)

93 (44.5)

455 (55.7)

58 (55.8)

0.0010

0.078

1

Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.9 (1.3)

5.1 (1.4)

5.2 (1.5)

5.2 (1.1)

0.069

0.64

1