Neurobehavioral disorders among children born to mothers exposed to illicit substances during pregnancy

Table 3 Competing risk adjusted Cox regression analysis of intellectual disability, autistic disorder, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (exact matching by child’s gender, child’s birth year, mother’s birth year, and the year of child’s first use of health insurance card, total n = 7104)

Variable	Exposed period	Unadjusted analysis		Adjusted analysis model 1		Adjusted analysis model 2
Variable	Exposed period	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value
ADHD	Unexposed	1.00		1.00		1.00
	During pregnancy	3.08 (2.37–3.99)	< 0.001	2.43 (1.75–3.38)	< 0.001	2.35 (1.68–3.28)	< 0.001
	Before pregnancy	2.28 (1.73–3.00)	< 0.001	1.97 (1.45–2.68)	< 0.001	1.92 (1.41–2.62)	< 0.001
Intellectual disability	Unexposed	1.00		1.00		1.00
	During pregnancy	4.48 (2.75–7.30)	< 0.001	2.64 (1.29–5.39)	0.008	2.41 (1.15–5.03)	0.019
	Before pregnancy	2.24 (1.29–3.91)	0.004	1.53 (0.76–3.08)	0.236	1.45 (0.71–2.94)	0.307
Autistic disorder	Unexposed	1.00		1.00		1.00
	During pregnancy	0.90 (0.43–1.88)	0.776	0.95 (0.39–2.31)	0.916	0.99 (0.92–1.07)	0.827
	Before pregnancy	1.11 (0.56–2.17)	0.769	1.10 (0.49–2.45)	0.814	1.00 (0.93–1.06)	0.923

Adjusted analysis model 1: adjusted for child’s gender, child’s birth year, the year of child’s first use of health insurance card, birth orders, birth place, mother’s age at giving birth, mother’s urbanization levels, mother’s education level, mother’s marital status, Charlson comorbidity index, mothers’ levels of income, mother’s days of hospitalization, outpatient visits, medication prescribed during pregnancy, the method of delivery (cesarean or natural birth), and mortality
Adjusted analysis model 2: model 1 + the fifth minute APGAR score, premature birth, and low birth weight

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