Fig. 1

Treatment efficacy in all patients and HER-2 negative patients. A, B Kaplan–Meier plots of progression-free survival (A) and overall survival (B) across all patients. C Objective response rate in all patients. D SMD in all patients pre- and post-application of IPTW. E, F Kaplan–Meier plots of progression-free survival (E) and overall survival (F) in all patients post-IPTW. G, H Kaplan–Meier plots of progression-free survival (G) and overall survival (H) in HER-2 negative patients. I Objective response rate in HER-2 negative patients. J SMD in HER-2 negative patients pre- and post-application of IPTW. K, L Kaplan–Meier plots of progression-free survival (K) and overall survival (L) in HER-2 negative patients post-IPTW. Abbreviations: C, Chemotherapy alone; CPS, Combined positive score; CR, Complete response; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; I + C, Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy; IPTW, Inverse probability of treatment weighting; MMR, Mismatch repair; MSI, Microsatellite instability; ORR, Objective response rate; PD, Progressive disease; PD-L1, Programmed death ligand 1; PR, Partial response; SD, Stable disease; SMD, Standardized mean difference