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Table 3 Antibiotic resistance rate according to regions determined by WHO

From: Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis

WHO region

Single-antibiotic resistance

AMX

MTZ

TET

CLA

LEV

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

Americas

7.1

(5.1–9.9)

43.1

(38.6–47.7)

NA

NA

23.5

(14.1–36.5)

NA

NA

Eastern Mediterranean

37.4

(10.4–75.5)

55.6

(33.0–47.3)

5.3

(1.1–22.2)

22.3

(10.4–41.5)

NA

NA

European

2.2

(1.0–4.7)

25.2

(21.0–29.9)

1.8

(1.1–2.9)

28.0

(22.1–34.7)

4.2

(2.2–8.0)

Western Pacific

5.5

(1.8–15.5)

46.9

(36.0–58.1)

4.1

(1.9–8.5)

49.1

(38.0–60.2)

22.0

(14.4–31.9)

 

Multi-antibiotic resistance

CLA + LEV

MTZ + CLA

MTZ + LEV

CLA + MTZ + LEV

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

Rate, %

95% CI

European

NA

NA

12.8

(9.0–17.8)

NA

NA

2.3

(1.1–4.8)

Western Pacific

2.7

(0.5–13–6)

13.0

(9.5–17.6)

5.1

(2.1–11.5)

7.5

(6.8–8.3)

  1. CI confidence of interval, NA no data available, AMX amoxicillin, MTZ metronidazole, TET tetracycline, CLA clarithromycin, LEV levofloxacin, WHO World Health Organization