Minimum and optimal combined variations in sleep, physical activity, and nutrition in relation to all-cause mortality risk

Table 2 Minimum concurrent variations in Sleep, Physical Activity, and Nutrition associated with clinically relevant increments of all-cause mortality risk compared to 5th percentile of SPAN exposures

All-cause mortality risk^c	Additional Sleep (min/day)	Additional Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (min/day)	Additional Nutrition (DQS points)	Additional Sleep^a (min/day)	Additional Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity^a (min/day)	Additional Nutrition^a (DQS points)
	COMBINED SPAN			INDIVIDUAL SPAN
10% lower risk (HR: 0·90; 95% CI: 0·88, 0·93)	15	1.6	5	24	2	17^b
20% lower risk (HR: 0·80; 95% CI: 0·76, 0·84)	30	3.6	10	54	5	-
30% lower risk (HR: 0·70; 95% CI: 0·65, 0·76)	45	5.9	15	102	8	-
40% lower risk (HR: 0·60; 95% CI: 0·54, 0·67)	60	8.7	20	114	12	-
50% lower risk (HR: 0·50; 95% CI: 0·44, 0·58)	75	12.5	25	-	18	-
60% lower risk (HR: 0·40; 95% CI: 0·34, 0·48)	90	19.5	30	-	77	-
70% lower risk (HR: 0·30; 95% CI: 0·25, 0·38)	200	58.8	35	-	-	-

Displays the minimum concurrent combinations of sleep, physical, activity and nutrition associated with a clinically meaningful lower all-cause mortality risk compared to individual SPAN exposures. The combined columns show the SPAN combinations and corresponding mortality risk compared to the 5th percentile of sleep (5.5 h/day), moderate to vigorous physical activity (7.3 min/day), and nutrition (36.9 DQS) in increments of 10%. For comparison, the dose needed for individual SPAN exposures is shown on the right. Empty cells denote that the individual SPAN exposure could not achieve that level of risk reduction in isolation. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, education, Townsend deprivation index, alcohol, discretionary screen time (time spent watching TV or using the computer outside of work), light intensity physical activity, medication (blood pressure, insulin, and cholesterol), previous diagnosis of major CVD (defined as disease of the circulatory system, arteries, and lymph, excluding hypertension), previous diagnosis of cancer, and familial history of CVD and cancer. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); Diet quality score (DQS); Hazard ratio (HR)
^aEach exposure was adjusted by the median value of the other two SPAN exposures
^bHere, HR = 0·94. This is the lowest adjusted HR for DQS individually
^c95% CI are based on for combined SPAN model

ISSN: 1741-7015