Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Normal (N = 328,954) | PRISm (N = 55,365) | COPD (N = 35,683) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 57 (49–62) | 58 (50–63) | 61 (55–65) | < 0.001 |
Sex (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Female | 191,079 (58.1%) | 25,594 (46.2%) | 14,704 (41.2%) | |
Male | 37,875 (41.9%) | 29,771 (53.8%) | 20,979 (58.8%) | |
BMI (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Underweight | 111,064 (33.8%) | 11,975 (21.6%) | 11,472 (32.1%) | |
Normal | 1443 (0.4%) | 225 (0.4%) | 358 (1.0%) | |
Overweight | 216,213 (65.7%) | 43,043 (77.7%) | 23,798 (66.7%) | |
Townsend score (%) | < 0.001 | |||
1 (least deprived) | 87,743 (26.7%) | 11,432 (20.6%) | 7346 (20.6%) | |
2 | 85,857 (26.1%) | 11,955 (21.6%) | 7771 (21.8%) | |
3 | 82,741 (25.2%) | 13,548 (24.5%) | 8736 (24.5%) | |
4 (most deprived) | 72,197 (21.9%) | 18,354 (33.2%) | 11,794 (33.1%) | |
Smoking (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 190,713 (58.0%) | 29,508 (53.3%) | 13,577 (38.0%) | |
Previous | 110,591 (33.6%) | 18,561 (33.5%) | 13,726 (38.5%) | |
Current | 26,401 (8.0%) | 6808 (12.3%) | 8078 (22.6%) | |
Drink (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 22,300 (6.8%) | 7290 (13.2%) | 3583 (10.0%) | |
Occasions | 73,079 (22.2%) | 14,354 (25.9%) | 7840 (22.0%) | |
Frequent | 233,136 (70.9%) | 33,431 (60.4%) | 24,115 (67.6%) | |
Activity (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 40,567 (12.3%) | 8057 (14.6%) | 4612 (12.9%) | |
Low | 137,464 (41.8%) | 21,274 (38.4%) | 13,582 (38.1%) | |
High | 80,924 (24.6%) | 11,354 (20.5%) | 8167 (22.9%) | |
Fish consumption (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Low | 158,230 (48.1%) | 27,419 (49.5%) | 17,392 (48.7%) | |
High | 170,512 (51.8%) | 27,801 (50.2%) | 18,226 (51.1%) | |
Meat consumption (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Low | 81,702 (24.8%) | 12,251 (22.1%) | 7175 (20.1%) | |
Medium | 129,673 (39.4%) | 21,271 (38.4%) | 13,747 (38.5%) | |
High | 116,941 (35.5%) | 21,407 (38.7%) | 14,561 (40.8%) | |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 158,899 (48.3%) | 33,816 (61.1%) | 21,600 (60.5%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 10,179 (3.1%) | 5496 (9.9%) | 2321 (6.5%) | < 0.001 |
CVD | 10,273 (3.1%) | 4278 (7.7%) | 2803 (7.9%) | < 0.001 |
CKD | 7753 (2.4%) | 1583 (2.9%) | 949 (2.7%) | < 0.001 |
Asthma | 27,294 (8.3%) | 7286 (13.2%) | 9893 (27.7%) | < 0.001 |
FVC Pred (%) | 100.39 (92.53–109.31) | 75.79 (69.40–80.65) | 84.17 (74.99–91.30) | < 0.001 |
FEV1 Pred (%) | 98.19 (90.44–106.90) | 73.58 (67.72–77.24) | 67.57(58.10–74.19) | < 0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | 0.78 (0.75–0.81) | 0.76 (0.73–0.80) | 0.64 (0.59–0.67) | < 0.001 |