Fig. 2

Finding potential therapeutic targets for IPF. TSMR analyses were conducted to assess the association between blood mRNAs from GTEX (A), lung mRNAs from GTEX (B), plasma proteins from deCODE (C), plasma proteins from UKBPPP (D), and the risk of developing IPF. A beta value greater than 0 indicates that an increase in gene expression level promotes the occurrence of the disease. The gene names annotated in the figure represent IPF therapeutic targets that remain statistically significant (Pval < 0.05) after Bonferroni correction (Pval < 0.05/4615 for eQTLs TSMR and Pval < 0.05/2716 for pQTLs TSMR). E Forest plots of BRSK2 and IPF risk by three MR methods. * means Pval (HEIDI) > 0.01. F Mediation effect of plasma protein BRSK2 in promoting IPF in PRFs. TSMR, two-sample Mendelian randomization; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; IVW, inverse variance weighted; cML-MA, constrained maximum likelihood and model averaging; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; DP, data perturbation SMR, summary data-based Mendelian randomization; HEIDI, heterogeneity in the dependent instrument; OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; IIGC, International IPF Genetics Consortium; GBMI, Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative