Table 4 Subgroup analysis of antidepressants and cognitive decline

Sex

 Men

 − 0.49 (− 0.63, − 0.36)^b,c

 − 0.53 (− 0.71, − 0.34)^b

 − 0.39 (− 0.74, − 0.04)^b

 − 0.36 (− 1.01, 0.29)

0.76 (− 1.18, 2.70)

 − 0.44 (− 0.73, − 0.16)^b,c

 Women

 − 0.14 (− 0.26, − 0.02)^b

 − 0.10 (− 0.26, 0.05)

 − 0.13 (− 0.48, 0.23)

0.60 (− 0.52, 1.73)

1.84 (− 0.15, 3.83)

 − 0.25 (− 0.49, − 0.01)^b

Age at dementia diagnosis, y

 < 78 years

 − 0.30 (− 0.43, − 0.17)^b

 − 0.21 (− 0.37, − 0.05)^b

 − 0.57 (− 0.99, − 0.15^b

 − 0.15 (− 0.88, 0.57)

1.61 (0.05, 3.17)^b

 − 0.55 (− 0.86, − 0.23)^b

 ≥ 78 years

 − 0.26 (− 0.39, − 0.13)^b

 − 0.30 (− 0.48, − 0.11)^b

 − 0.11 (− 0.46, 0.23)

 − 0.10 (− 1.21, 1.00)

0.29 (− 2.50, 3.08)

 − 0.21 (− 0.45, 0.02)

Coresident status

 Cohabiting

 − 0.29 (− 0.41, − 0.17)^b

 − 0.27 (− 0.42, − 0.13)^b

 − 0.30 (− 0.65, 0.05)

 − 0.37 (− 1.08, 0.34)

1.03 (− 0.65, 2.71)

 − 0.28 (− 0.52, − 0.03)^b

 Living alone

 − 0.30 (− 0.45, − 0.15)^b

 − 0.27 (− 0.48, − 0.06)^b

 − 0.21 (− 0.63, 0.21)

0.71 (− 0.38, 1.80)

1.59 (− 0.52, 3.70)

 − 0.41 (− 0.69, − 0.12)^b

Type of diagnostic unit

 Specialist care

 − 0.23 (− 0.37, − 0.10)^b

 − 0.22 (− 0.37, − 0.07)^b

 − 0.58 (− 1.06, − 0.11)^b

 − 0.12 (− 0.77, 0.53)

1.33 (− 0.04, 2.69)

 − 0.41 (− 0.92, 0.09)

 Primary care

 − 0.30 (− 0.42, − 0.17)^b

 − 0.33 (− 0.52, − 0.13)^b

 − 0.13 (− 0.43, 0.16)

 − 0.26 (− 2.03, 1.50)

 − 1.17 (− 4.02, 1.69)

 − 0.32 (− 0.53, − 0.11)^b

Nursing home

 No

 − 0.30 (− 0.39, − 0.21)^b

 − 0.29 (− 0.41, − 0.17)^b

 − 0.26 (− 0.52, 0.00)^b

0.00 (− 0.58 − 0.59)

1.33 (− 0.09, 2.75)

 − 0.36 (− 0.57, − 0.16)^b

 Yes

 − 0.27 (− 0.67, 0.13)

 − 0.02 (− 0.65, 0.60)

 − 0.37 (− 1.31, 0.58)

 − 1.37 (− 3.75, 1.01)

NA

 − 0.23 (− 0.90, 0.44)

Calendar year of diagnosis

 2007–2012

 − 0.31 (− 0.44, − 0.19)^b

 − 0.25 (− 0.40, − 0.10)^b

 − 0.49 (− 0.83, − 0.14)^b

 − 0.26 (− 0.97, 0.45)

1.24 (− 0.41, 2.88)

 − 0.32 (− 0.58, − 0.07)^b

 2013–2018

 − 0.31 (− 0.47, − 0.15)^b

 − 0.26 (− 0.47, − 0.06)^b

 − 0.23 (− 0.64, 0.18)

 − 0.03 (− 0.97, 0.91)

1.11 (− 1.28, 3.50)

 − 0.45 (− 0.75, − 0.15)^b

MMSE score at indexdate

 0–9

 − 1.51 (− 2.82, − 0.20)^b

 − 2.42 (− 4.81, − 0.04)^b

 − 2.11 (− 5.96, 1.74)

NA

 − 2.11 (− 5.96, 1.74)

 − 0.48 (− 2.84, 1.87)

 10–19

 − 0.29 (− 0.53, − 0.06)^b

 − 0.37 (− 0.70, − 0.05)^b

 − 0.07 (− 0.68, 0.54)

0.27 (− 1.10, 1.64)

2.48 (− 0.69, 5.66)

 − 0.15 (− 0.57, 0.27)

 20–24

 − 0.28 (− 0.41, − 0.14)^b

 − 0.21 (− 0.39, − 0.03)^b

 − 0.17 (− 0.55, 0.21)

 − 0.37 (− 1.14, 0.40)

 − 0.62 (− 2.21, 0.98)

 − 0.41 (− 0.69, − 0.14)^b

 25–30

 − 0.19 (− 0.34, − 0.05)^b

 − 0.17 (− 0.34, 0.01)

 − 0.39 (− 0.82, 0.04)

0.23 (− 0.80, 1.26)

1.42 (− 0.72, 3.57)

 − 0.25 (− 0.55, 0.05)

Antipsychotics

 No

 − 0.31 (− 0.40, − 0.21)^b

 − 0.29 (− 0.41, − 0.17)^b

 − 0.22 (− 0.48, 0.03)

 − 0.21 (− 0.83, 0.40)

1.43 (0.05, 2.80)^b

 − 0.37 (− 0.57, − 0.17)^b

 Yes

 − 0.24 (− 0.89, 0.41)

0.01 (− 1.01, 1.03)

 − 1.69 (− 3.00, − 0.38)^b

0.36 (− 1.09, 1.80)

 − 3.91 (− 15.63, 7.82)

 − 0.43 (− 1.61, 0.74)

Anxiolytics

 No

 − 0.36 (− 0.46, − 0.26)^b,c

 − 0.32 (− 0.45, − 0.19)^b

 − 0.32 (− 0.59, − 0.06)^b

 − 0.22 (− 0.83, 0.39)

1.33 (− 0.07, 2.72)

 − 0.47 (− 0.69, − 0.25)^b,c

 Yes

 − 0.12 (− 0.37, 0.12)

 − 0.17 (− 0.49, 0.15)

 − 0.32 (− 1.13, 0.50)

0.23 (− 1.23, 1.69)

 − 1.08 (− 4.71, 2.56)

0.05 (− 0.39, 0.49)

Hypnotics

 No

 − 0.36 (− 0.47, − 0.25)^b

 − 0.30 (− 0.44, − 0.17)^b

 − 0.38 (− 0.70, − 0.05)^b

 − 0.42 (− 1.10, 0.27)

1.21 (− 0.41, 2.84)

 − 0.42 (− 0.66, − 0.19)^b

 Yes

 − 0.23 (− 0.41, − 0.04)^b

 − 0.30 (− 0.55, − 0.06)^b

 − 0.16 (− 0.70, 0.39)

0.34 (− 0.75, 1.44)

1.05 (− 1.17, 3.27)

 − 0.24 (− 0.60, 0.12)