Table 2 Association of childhood body size, adulthood body size, and child–adult change in body size with incident hypertension

Childhood body size

 Thinner

5765/59,543

779,436

1.15 (1.11–1.19)

 < 0.001

1.14(1.10–1.17)

 < 0.001

 About average

7990/93,296

1,227,219

1.00

1.00

 Plumper

2736/27,688

361,551

1.29 (1.24–1.35)

 < 0.001

1.27(1.21–1.32)

 < 0.001

Adulthood body size

 Normal weight

4736/79,525

1,058,639

1.00

1.00

 Overweight

7384/73,894

966,615

1.54 (1.48–1.60)

 < 0.001

1.46 (1.40–1.51)

 < 0.001

 Obesity

4371/27,108

342,952

2.84 (2.73–2.96)

 < 0.001

2.50 (2.39–2.60)

 < 0.001

Body size change pattern (childhood → adulthood)

 About average → normal weight

2263/40,336

537,899

1.00

1.00

 About average → overweight

3737/39,907

523,301

1.53 (1.45–1.61)

 < 0.001

1.46 (1.39–1.54)

 < 0.001

 About average → obesity

1990/13,053

166,019

2.76 (2.60–2.94)

 < 0.001

2.45 (2.31–2.61)

 < 0.001

 Thinner → normal weight

2026/31,396

417,007

1.18 (1.11–1.25)

 < 0.001

1.17 (1.10–1.24)

 < 0.001

 Thinner → overweight

2550/22,054

286,887

1.90 (1.80–2.01)

 < 0.001

1.77 (1.67–1.87)

 < 0.001

 Thinner → obesity

1189/6093

75,542

3.67 (3.42–3.93)

 < 0.001

3.09 (2.88–3.32)

 < 0.001

 Plumper → normal weight

447/7793

103,733

1.11 (1.01–1.23)

0.039

1.11 (1.00–1.23)

0.042

 Plumper → overweight

1097/11,933

156,427

1.66 (1.54–1.78)

 < 0.001

1.58 (1.47–1.70)

 < 0.001

 Plumper → obesity

1192/7962

101,390

3.14 (2.93–3.37)

 < 0.001

2.82 (2.62–3.02)

 < 0.001