Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of study population (N = 1,869,188) with confirmed COVID-19 infection, the total adult population (N = 7,992,298), and those with a long COVID diagnosis (N = 7539)

Age

43.6

16.3

50.5

19.2

54.4

15.7

Sex

N

%

N

%

N

%

 Female

999,875

53.5

3,999,272

50.0

3973

52.7

 Male

869,313

46.5

3,993,011

50.0

3566

47.3

Region of origin

N

%

N

%

N

%

 East Europe

93,984

5.0

368,143

4.6

520

6.9

 Finland

20,377

1.1

141,903

1.8

175

2.3

 Horn of Africa

26,235

1.4

111,849

1.4

77

1.0

 Middle East

121,019

6.5

394,161

4.9

560

7.4

 North America

4604

0.2

17,446

0.2

18

0.2

 Other Africa

17,069

0.9

76,045

1.0

82

1.1

 Other Asia

32,313

1.7

145,028

1.8

137

1.8

 Other Nordic

14,428

0.8

77,339

1.0

64

0.8

 South America

20,149

1.1

70,378

0.9

123

1.6

 South Asia

28,388

1.5

108,809

1.4

90

1.2

 Sweden

1,462,920

78.3

6,339,802

79.3

5577

74.0

 West Europe

27,702

1.5

141,380

1.8

116

1.5

Charlson comorbidity index

N

%

N

%

N

%

 0

1,783,318

98.8

7,846,455

98.2

7098

94.2

 1

10,084

0.5

66,282

0.8

202

2.8

 2 + 

12,654

0.7

79,546

1.0

239

3.2

Disease severity

N

%

N

%

N

%

 Confirmed infection

1,783,318

95.4

1,754,720

22.0

3515

46.6

 Hospitalization

77,316

4.1

105,914

1.3

2470

32.8

 ICU

8554

0.5

8554

0.1

1554

20.6

Vaccine status

N

%

N

%

N

%

 Unvaccinated

228,553

12.2

1,035,405

12.9

1107

14.7

 Post-infection vaccine

775,452

41.5

–

–

5116

67.8

 Pre-infection vaccine 1 dose

57,587

3.1

–

–

293

3.9

 Pre-infection vaccine 2 dose

535,403

28.6

–

–

591

7.8

 Pre-infection vaccine 3 dose

272,192

14.6

–

–

432

5.7

Disposable income

N

%

N

%

N

%

 0–24

344,019

18.4

2,064,257

25.8

1688

22.4

 25–49

428,647

22.9

2,025,882

25.3

1806

24.0

 50–74

524,000

28.0

1,977,993

24.7

2073

27.5

 75–100

572,522

30.6

1,924,151

24.1

1972

26.2

Education

N

%

N

%

N

%

 Post-secondary

774,943

41.5

2,955,950

37.0

2932

38.9

 Secondary

819,520

43.8

3,457,489

43.3

3194

42.4

 Primary

242,754

13.0

1,384,320

17.3

1304

17.3

 Unknown

31,971

1.7

194,524

2.4

109

1.4

Occupational skill level^a

N

%

N

%

N

%

 3,4

664,092

34.5

2,223,564

27.8

2378

31.5

 2

725,329

38.8

2,498,067

31.2

2380

31.6

 1

75,830

4.1

310,485

3.9

264

3.5

 AF

3204

0.2

11,414

0.1

–

0.1

 X

420,733

22.5

2,948,753

36.9

2513

33.3