Fig. 3

HIV incidence among widowed women with biomedical interventions alone and in combination with structural interventions, as compared to a baseline of no interventions. Biomedical interventions included universal HIV testing for widowed women, cleansers, and inheritors, with HIV treatment initiation for those tested positive. For those tested HIV-negative, biomedical interventions included either low (30%) or high (70%) uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with 95% efficacy. For inherited widows and their inheritors, PrEP was assumed to continue for 1 year after the inheritance occurs. Structural interventions were assumed to reduce the exposure of widowed women to widow cleansing and wife inheritance by 30% or 70% (low vs. high uptake)