Table 4 Included study characteristics
From: Modifications to the National Early Warning Score 2: a Scoping Review
Author/year | Study type | Sample size | Population | Main outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Akel et al., 2021 [33] | Retrospective cohort | 556,848 | Medical-surgical admissions, 18 +  | ICU transfer within 24 h Death within 24 h Composite of ICU transfer and death within 24 h |
Clarke et al., 2023 [34] | Retrospective cohort | 3704 | SARS-CoV-2 / influenza patients (viral respiratory infections) | Composite of cardiac arrest, ICU admission or death within 24Â h |
Forster et al., 2022 [35] | Retrospective cohort | 7487 (derivation) + 8739 (validation) | Respiratory patients | Death within 24 h |
Gonem et al., 2022 [36] | Retrospective cohort | 1100 | Respiratory patients | Composite of ICU admission or death within 24Â h |
Kabell Nissen et al., 2022 [42] | Prospective cohort | 2183 | Emergency department patients, 65 +  | Death within 30 days |
Kamal et al., 2024 [37] | Retrospective cohort | 219 (for predicting in-hospital mortality) 175 (for predicting serious illness development) | Sars-CoV-2 patients, 18 +  | Serious illness within 7 days In-hospital mortality within 28 days |
Malycha et al., 2019 [41] | Retrospective cohort | 83,304 | Hospital admissions, 18 +  | In-hospital death or unplanned intensive care admission within 24 h |
Maves et al., 2021 [43] | Prospective cohort | 184 | Hospitalised adults with confirmed COVID-19 not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation at admission | Invasive ventilation or death during entire hospital stay |
Nissen et al., 2022 [25] | Retrospective cohort | 14,809 (development) + 50,448 (validation) | Emergency department patients, 18 +  | In-hospital mortality during entire hospital stay ICU admission during entire hospital stay |
Trongtrakul et al., 2024 [38] | Retrospective cohort | 725 | Sars-CoV-2 patients, 18 +  | Severe Covid 19 pneumonia |
Yun et al., 2021 [39] | Retrospective cohort | 41,687 | Emergency department patients with suspected sepsis, 19 +  | Septic shock within 24 h |
Zhu et al., 2020 [40] | Retrospective cohort | 13,319 | Postoperative adult cardiac patients | Composite of cardiac arrest, ICU admission or death within 24Â h |