Table 1 Baseline data of patients

Age (year)

84 ± 6

80 ± 7

Male [n (%)]

14 (23)

17 (28)

BMI (kg m⁻²)

23 ± 4

24 ± 3

ASA grade of III or severer [n (%)]

58 (94)

55 (90)

Type of fracture [n (%)]

 Femoral neck fractures

52 (84)

42 (69)

 Intertrochanteric fractures

10 (16)

19 (31)

Type of surgery [n (%)]

 Hemiarthroplasty

50 (81)

41 (67)

 PFNA

11 (18)

19 (31)

 THA

1 (2)

1 (2)

Pain at rest (NRS)

3 [2, 4]

3 [2, 4]

Pain on activity (NRS)

6 [5, 6]

6 [5, 6]

Preoperative opioids [n (%)]

30 (48)

33 (54)

Anxiety [n (%)]

27 (44)

26 (43)

Depression [n (%)]

18 (29)

11 (18)

MoCA

26 [25, 27]

26 [25, 27]

FRAIL score

3 [3, 4]

3 [2, 3]

Hemoglobin (g L⁻¹)

113 ± 15

109 ± 19

CSF lactate (mmol L⁻¹)

1.4 [1.0, 2.3]

0.9 [0.7, 1.3]

S100β (μg L⁻¹)

0.6 [0.5, 0.8]

0.7 [0.5, 1.0]

NSE (ng ml⁻¹)

11 [9, 15]

11 [10, 13]

CRP (mg L⁻¹)

9 [ 2, 42]

18 [3, 60]