Fig. 2

Dose–response associations between accelerometer-measured TVPA, MVPA, LPA, and ST with all-cause mortality by frailty index. TVPA, total volume of physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity; LPA, light-intensity physical activity; ST, sedentary time; HR, hazard ratios; CI, confidence interval. Data were fitted by a restricted cubic spline Cox proportional hazards regression model, and the model was conducted with 4 knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles of exposure (reference is the 5th percentile). Solid lines indicated HRs, and shadow shapes indicated 95% CIs. Model adjusted for age at accelerometer measurement, sex, assessment center, body mass index, ethnicity, education, employment, household income, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, alcohol drinking frequency, sleep duration, healthy diet score, family history of diabetes, family history of CVD, family history of cancer, seasonality, and total wear days. MVPA and LPA models were further adjusted for ST, the ST model was further adjusted for MVPA, while the TVPA model was not further adjusted