Table 1 Baseline characteristics of r/r B-ALL patients and healthy controls

Sex (male,%)

21 (47.8%)

22 (46.8%)

0.68

Age, years

21 (9, 39)^a

23 (7, 40)^a

0.58

White blood cells (10⁹/L)

1.42 (0.94, 3.02)^a

5.67 (4.85, 7.02)^a

< 0.0001

Neutrophils (10⁹/L)

0.91 (0.21, 2.26)^a

3.08 (3.49, 4.12)^a

< 0.0001

Lymphocytes (10⁹/L)

0.39 (0.17, 0.73)^a

3.08 (2.59, 4.12)^a

< 0.0001

Tregs(%)

6.31 (4.38, 8.45)^a

Previous chemotherapy—no. (%)

 ≥ 10

18 (40.9%)

 < 10

26 (59.1%)

Previous allo-HSCT—no. (%)

 Yes

9 (20.5%)

 No

35 (79.5%)

Primary refractory disease—no. (%)

2 (4.5%)

Relapse—no. (%)

 1 time

24 (54.5%)

 ≥ 2 times

18 (40.9%)

Percentage of blasts in bone marrow ≥ 20%—no. (%)

25 (56.8%)

High-risk cytogenetic/molecular factors—no. (%)

26 (59.1%)

Active extramedullary diseases—no. (%)

10 (22.7%)