Fig. 3

Drug resistance prediction of participants with different assays. a Distribution of phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST), GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) results among participants. b The time delay for drug susceptibility testing with the indicated three assays. Two-sided p values from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. c The distribution of genes associated with 84 instances of drug resistance identified in the tNGS results. d Evaluation of the performance of tNGS in predicting rifampicin (RIF) resistance with Xpert as the reference assay. e Evaluation of the performance of tNGS in predicting resistance to first-line and key drugs, including isoniazid (INH), RIF, ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA), fluoroquinolones (FQs), linezolid (LZD), and bedaquiline (BDQ), with the pDST as the reference assay. Abbreviations: R drug resistant, S drug susceptible, U unclear (MIC between sensitivity and resistance thresholds), NA not applicable