Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Total (N = 2925) | Hypothermia (N = 624) | No hypothermia (N = 2301) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age, years | 62.1 ± 12.2 | 60.7 ± 11.9 | 62.6 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 |
< 50 | 442 (15.1) | 109 (17.5) | 333 (14.5) | |
50 ~ 70 | 1673 (57.2) | 369 (59.1) | 1304 (56.7) | |
≥ 70 | 810 (27.7) | 146 (23.4) | 664 (28.9) | |
Male | 2533 (86.6) | 560 (89.7) | 1973 (85.7) | 0.011 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 1321 (45.2) | 273 (43.8) | 1048 (45.5) | 0.451 |
Diabetes mellitus | 849 (29.0) | 165 (26.4) | 684 (29.7) | 0.120 |
Cardiovascular disease | 659 (22.5) | 120 (19.2) | 539 (23.4) | 0.030 |
Ischemic heart disease | 561 (19.2) | 100 (16.0) | 461 (20.0) | 0.028 |
Valvular heart disease | 13 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 12 (0.5) | 0.388 |
Arrhythmia | 95 (3.2) | 17 (2.7) | 78 (3.4) | 0.481 |
Heart failure | 66 (2.3) | 13 (2.1) | 53 (2.3) | 0.860 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 227 (7.8) | 40 (6.4) | 187 (8.1) | 0.181 |
Chronic kidney disease | 164 (5.6) | 26 (4.2) | 138 (6.0) | 0.096 |
Chronic lung disease | 91 (3.1) | 19 (3.0) | 72 (3.1) | 1.000 |
Characteristics of the cardiac arrest | ||||
Place at cardiac arrest | 0.971 | |||
Public place | 996 (34.1) | 215 (34.5) | 781 (33.9) | |
Non-public place | 1312 (44.9) | 278 (44.6) | 1034 (44.9) | |
Unknown | 617 (21.1) | 131 (21.0) | 486 (21.1) | |
Witness type | 0.009 | |||
Healthcare professional | 478 (16.3) | 79 (12.7) | 399 (17.3) | |
Bystander | 1745 (59.7) | 400 (64.1) | 1345 (58.5) | |
Unknown | 702 (24.0) | 145 (23.2) | 557 (24.2) | |
Layperson witnessed | 2298 (78.6) | 1800 (78.2) | 498 (79.8) | 0.425 |
Bystander-performed CPR | 1505 (51.5) | 1172 (50.9) | 333 (53.4) | 0.302 |
Telemetric advice before EMS | 2001 (68.4) | 1565 (68.0) | 436 (69.9) | 0.403 |
Initial EMS rhythm | 0.001 | |||
Shockable rhythm | 2155 (73.7) | 495 (79.3) | 1660 (72.1) | |
Nonshockable rhythm | 726 (24.8) | 123 (19.7) | 603 (26.2) | |
Unknown | 44 (1.5) | 6 (1.0) | 38 (1.7) | |
AED use | 2270 (77.6) | 520 (83.3) | 1750 (76.1) | < 0.001 |
Arres to admission timeline | ||||
Arrest-to-call time, min | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.235 |
Call-to-door time, min | 30 (24–38) | 31 (26–38) | 30 (24–38) | 0.005 |
Arrest-to-door time, min | 30 (24–38) | 31 (26–38) | 30 (24–38) | 0.005 |
PCI timeline | ||||
Door-to-PCI time, min | 100 (74–146) | 100 (74–140) | 100 (74–148) | 0.492 |
Procedure time, min | 25 (15–41) | 23 (14–40) | 25 (15–41) | 0.275 |
Characteristics on ER admission | ||||
Initial ECG rhythm | 0.344 | |||
Post ROSC rhythm | 1450 (49.6) | 310 (49.7) | 1140 (49.5) | |
Shockable rhythm | 335 (11.5) | 81 (13.0) | 254 (11.0) | |
Nonshockable rhythm | 859 (29.4) | 182 (29.2) | 677 (29.4) | |
No record | 281 (9.6) | 51 (8.2) | 230 (10.0) | |
Defibrillation at ER | 968 (33.1) | 213 (34.1) | 755 (32.8) | 0.565 |
Total CPR time at ER, min | 4 (0–19) | 4 (0–18) | 4 (0–19) | 0.441 |
ROSC before ER admission | 1321 (45.2) | 281 (45.0) | 1040 (45.2) | 0.977 |
Therapeutic interventions | ||||
ECMO | 612 (20.9) | 136 (21.8) | 476 (20.7) | 0.584 |