Improving type 2 diabetes detection among at-risk individuals – comparing the effectiveness of active opportunistic screening using spot capillary-HbA1c testing and venous HbA1c testing: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Results of the two-level mixed-effects logistic regression model for the overall detection rate of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes

	*Overall Detection Rate*^a
	OR [95% CI]	p
*Fixed Effects*
Intercept	0.01 [0.00–0.02]	0.001**
Intervention Condition (POC-cHbA1c)	1.99 [1.01–3.95]	0.048*
Gender (Female)	1.48 [0.93–2.37]	0.100
Age	1.04 [1.02–1.06]	0.001**
First-Degree Relative with Diabetes (Yes)	1.48 [0.93–2.36]	0.100
History of Gestational Diabetes (Yes)	3.67 [1.34–10.03]	0.012*
Hypertension (Yes)	0.86 [0.53–1.41]	0.549
Impaired Fasting Glucose (Yes)	1.53 [0.61–3.87]	0.366
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Yes)	1.71 [0.15–19.18]	0.663
Hyperlipidemia (Yes)	1.49 [0.89–2.47]	0.126
Obesity (Yes)	2.76 [1.68–4.54]	0.001**
*Random Effects*	Coef
Estimated Variance of the Intercept	0.07 [0.00–3.97]	0.628
ICC	0.021

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Coef. Coefficient, POC-cHbA1c Point-of-care capillary glycated hemoglobin, ICC Intra-class correlation
^*p < 0.05
**p < 0.001
^aOverall Detection Rate = diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance)
Table 2 presents the results of a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression model for the overall detection rate of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes, adjusting for patient characteristics and accounting for clustering at the clinic level. An unconditional means model was run to assess the need for multilevel modelling. Substantial evidence of clustering at the clinic level justified the use of multilevel logistic regression
The fixed effects include the intervention condition and patient characteristics, with random intercepts for clinics to account for within-clinic correlation
Odds Ratios (OR) represent the change in odds of overall detection per unit change in predictor, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) provided for each OR

ISSN: 1741-7015