Table 1 Descriptive statistics of participants by cardiovascular health defined by Life’s Essential 8 score
Characteristics | Overall (N = 336,939) | Cardiovascular health defined by LE8 scorea | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (N = 30,257) | Moderate (N = 269,488) | High (N = 37,194) | |||
Age | 56.1 (8.1) | 56.9 (7.6) | 56.5 (8.0) | 52.1 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 151,941 (45.1) | 15,429 (51.0) | 125,591 (46.6) | 10,921 (29.4) | < 0.001 |
College or university degree, n (%) | 116,950 (34.7) | 6818 (22.5) | 92,042 (34.2) | 18,090 (48.6) | < 0.001 |
White, n (%) | 322,620 (95.8) | 28,837 (95.3) | 258,104 (95.8) | 35,679 (95.9) | < 0.001 |
Townsend Deprivation Indexb | − 2.3 (− 3.7, 0.2) | − 1.5 (− 3.3, 1.6) | − 2.3 (− 3.7, 0.1) | − 2.4 (− 3.8, − 0.2) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumed daily or almost daily, n (%) | 70,948 (21.1) | 6516 (21.5) | 58,271 (21.6) | 6161 (16.6) | < 0.001 |
Sedentary behavior time, hours/day | 4.8 (2.4) | 5.7 (2.9) | 4.8 (2.3) | 3.9 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
Healthy diet score (0–10)b | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | 4 (3, 5) | < 0.001 |
Moderate activityb, min/week | 120 (30, 300) | 0 (0, 60) | 120 (40, 300) | 180 (90, 360) | < 0.001 |
Vigorous activityb, min/week | 30 (0, 120) | 0 (0, 0) | 30 (0, 120) | 90 (30, 180) | < 0.001 |
Current smokers, n (%) | 33,787 (10.0) | 10,349 (34.2) | 23,284 (8.6) | 154 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Secondary smoking exposure, n (%) | 30,912 (9.9) | 4120 (18.5) | 24,847 (9.8) | 1945 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
Sleep duration (7–9 h), n (%) | 232,632 (69.0) | 13,670 (45.2) | 187,331 (69.5) | 31,631 (85.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (4.6) | 32.0 (5.6) | 27.2 (4.2) | 23.3 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 137.9 (18.5) | 147.9 (17.6) | 139.2 (17.9) | 120.6 (12.3) | < 0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 82.7 (10.1) | 88.8 (9.7) | 83.2 (9.6) | 73.6 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 223.1 (42.8) | 239.3 (46.8) | 225.0 (42.1) | 196.4 (32.4) | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 56.7 (14.7) | 50.3 (12.5) | 56.6 (14.6) | 62.4 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 166.5 (40.8) | 188.9 (43.5) | 168.4 (39.3) | 134.0 (28.5) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 91.4 (20.4) | 100.2 (36.9) | 91.1 (18.3) | 86.4 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 5.4 (0.6) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
Prevalent hypertension, n (%) | 125,976 (37.4) | 19,435 (64.2) | 103,903 (38.6) | 2638 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
Prevalent diabetes, n (%) | 14,538 (4.3) | 3626 (12.0) | 10,614 (3.9) | 298 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
Prevalent cancer, n (%) | 29,850 (8.9) | 2910 (9.6) | 24,042 (8.9) | 2898 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
Prevalent depressive symptoms, n (%) | 38,592 (11.5) | 5490 (18.1) | 29,610 (11.0) | 3492 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
LE8 scoresb | |||||
Total LE8 score | 66.2 (58.1, 73.8) | 45.0 (41.3, 47.5) | 66.3 (60.0, 71.9) | 83.8 (81.3, 86.3) | < 0.001 |
Behavior subscale score | 81.3 (71.3, 87.5) | 45.0 (36.3, 53.8) | 71.3 (60.0, 80.0) | 81.3 (77.5, 87.5) | < 0.001 |
Biological subscale score | 62.5 (52.5, 73.8) | 42.5 (35.0, 50.0) | 61.3 (53.8, 71.3) | 87.5 (81.3, 92.5) | < 0.001 |
Diet score | 25 (25, 50) | 25 (25, 25) | 25 (25, 50) | 50 (25, 50) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity score | 100 (40, 100) | 0 (0, 40) | 100 (60, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | < 0.001 |
Tobacco/nicotine exposure score | 100 (55, 100) | 50 (0, 80) | 100 (55, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | < 0.001 |
Sleep health score | 100 (70, 100) | 90 (70, 100) | 100 (90, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | < 0.001 |
BMI score | 100 (70, 100) | 30 (30, 70) | 70 (70, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | < 0.001 |
Blood lipids score | 40 (20, 60) | 20 (0, 40) | 40 (20, 60) | 80 (60, 100) | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure score | 50 (25, 70) | 25 (0, 30) | 30 (25, 50) | 100 (50, 100) | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose score | 100 (100, 100) | 100 (60, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | < 0.001 |