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Table 2 Associations of Life’s Essential 8 and depressive symptoms with the incidence of HF

From: Association of Life’s Essential 8 with incidence of heart failure modified by depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study from UK Biobank

Variables

Cases (%)

Risk of incident HF

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

LE8 score (CVH statusa)

 Low CVH

1760 (5.82)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 Moderate CVH

7241 (2.69)

0.485 (0.461–0.512)

 < 0.001

0.508 (0.481–0.536)

 < 0.001

0.596 (0.565–0.629)

 < 0.001

 High CVH

378 (1.02)

0.304 (0.271–0.340)

 < 0.001

0.325 (0.290–0.364)

 < 0.001

0.458 (0.408–0.514)

 < 0.001

 PARb, %

 

38.1 (31.5–44.6)

36.9 (29.8–44.0)

20.2 (8.3–32.1)

Per SD increment in LE8 score

 Total score

9379 (2.78)

0.673 (0.659–0.688)

 < 0.001

0.685 (0.671–0.700)

 < 0.001

0.745 (0.729–0.762)

 < 0.001

 Behavior subscalec score

9379 (2.78)

0.812 (0.797–0.828)

 < 0.001

0.820 (0.804–0.836)

 < 0.001

0.826 (0.810–0.842)

 < 0.001

 Biological subscalec score

9379 (2.78)

0.714 (0.698–0.730)

 < 0.001

0.724 (0.708–0.741)

 < 0.001

0.815 (0.795–0.836)

 < 0.001

Depressive symptoms

 No

8133 (2.73)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 Yes

1246 (3.23)

1.450 (1.365–1.540)

 < 0.001

1.389 (1.307–1.475)

 < 0.001

1.309 (1.232–1.391)

 < 0.001

  1. Note: aThe CVH status was categorized based on total LE8 score as follows: low CVH (< 50), moderate CVH (50–79), and high CVH (≥ 80). bThe percentage of HF theoretically attributable to non-adherence to ideal CVH (≥ 80 points); population attributable risk at the median follow-up time (13.6 years) of the study population was reported. cLE8 subscales are mutually adjusted in the model
  2. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, and Townsend Deprivation Index
  3. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 plus alcohol drinking status and total sedentary time
  4. Model 3 adjusted for model 2 plus hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and depressive symptoms/CVH status
  5. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; LE8, Life’s Essential 8; CVH, cardiovascular health; HF, heart failure; PAR, population attributable risk
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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