Table 2 Safety and efficacy evaluation

Safety endpoint (n, %)

 Total positive patients

3, 5.56%

9, 16.36%

0.135

 gastrointestinal ulceration

0

0

-

 gastrointestinal bleeding

0

0

-

 gastrointestinal perforation

0

0

-

 postoperative hemorrhage within 24 h > 1L

2, 3.70%

5, 9.09%

0.449

 renal failure

1, 1.85%

0

0.993

 liver failure

0

4, 7.27%

0.131

 drug allergies

0

0

-

Efficacy endpoint (n, %)

 Total positive patients

6, 11.11%

7, 12.73%

0.795

 in-hospital mortality

3, 5.56%

6, 10.91%

0.505

 organ malperfusion syndrome

2, 3.70%

4, 7.27%

0.691

 permanent dialysis

0

0

-

 tracheotomy

0

2, 3.64%

0.484

 neurological impairment

0

2, 3.64%

0.484

 unplanned cardiac reoperation

1, 1.85%

0

0.993

 mechanical circulatory support

0

2, 3.64%

0.484

 ECMO (n, %)

0

2, 3.64%

0.484

 IABP (n, %)

0

0

-

Other Endpoints

 Postoperative peek BP > 140 mmHg (n, %)

13, 24.07%

11, 20.00%

0.778

 Postoperative cardiac arrest (n, %)

0

0

-

 Pneumonia (n, %)

4, 7.41%

12, 21.82%

0.064

 Stroke (n, %)

0

0

-

 Mechanical ventilation time [hours, M (Q₁, Q₃)]

23.50(12.25–59.75)

28.00(17.50–79.00)

0.247

 Duration of hospitalization [days, M (Q₁, Q₃)]

16.50(15.00–19.00)

17.50(15.75–22.00)

0.067

 Duration of ICU stay [days, M (Q₁, Q₃)]

6.50(5.00–8.00)

8.00(6.00–10.50)

0.044

 Bleeding in surgery [L, M (Q₁, Q₃)]

1.80(1.40–2.00)

2.00(1.50–3.00)

0.030

 Chest drainage within post-24 h [mL, M (Q₁, Q₃)]

320.00(230.00–477.50)

480.00(350.00–620.00)

0.001

 AKI stage II or III^b (n, %)

4, 7.41%

10, 18.18%

0.163

 CRRT (n, %)

1, 1.85%

4, 7.27%

0.371

 Total hospital costs [× 10³¥, M (Q₁, Q₃)]

170.43 (145.97–190.60)

187.73 (153.75–220.54)

0.028