Table 1 Characteristics of participants in ChinaHEART study with different BP group using 2023 ESH guideline
Characteristics | Overall (N = 3,598,940) | Optimal (N = 652,400) | Normal (N = 700,948) | High-normal (N = 674,509) | Hypertension (N = 1,571,083) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SBP/DBP, mmHg | < 120 and < 80 | 120–129 and 80–84 | 130–139 and/or 85–89 | > = 140 and/or > = 90 | |
SBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 136.55 (20.2) | 111.19 (6.2) | 123.56 (4.2) | 132.83 (4.8) | 148.83 (10.8) |
DBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 81.92 (10.8) | 70.79 (4.9) | 76.63 (5.4) | 80.63 (6.2) | 90.82 (5.6) |
Men, n (%) | 1,442,720 (40.1) | 214,622 (32.9) | 284,940 (40.7) | 288,039 (42.7) | 655,119 (41.7) |
Age, year, mean (SD) | 56.00 (10.0) | 51.16 (9.7) | 53.59 (9.9) | 55.80 (9.8) | 57.38 (8.7) |
Age, year, n (%) | |||||
35–44 | 531,287 (14.8) | 186,093 (28.5) | 144,495 (20.6) | 95,230 (14.1) | 105,469 (6.7) |
45–54 | 1,099,905 (30.6) | 243,356 (37.3) | 246,450 (35.2) | 217,567 (32.3) | 392,532 (25.0) |
55–64 | 1,107,540 (30.8) | 147,852 (22.7) | 190,746 (27.2) | 210,786 (31.3) | 558,156 (35.5) |
65–75 | 860,208 (23.9) | 75,099 (11.5) | 119,257 (17.0) | 150,926 (22.4) | 514,926 (32.8) |
Region, n (%) | |||||
East China | 1,122,218 (31.2) | 184,790 (28.3) | 209,409 (29.9) | 213,021 (31.6) | 514,998 (32.8) |
Central China | 840,327 (23.3) | 139,422 (21.4) | 154,991 (22.1) | 157,425 (23.3) | 388,489 (24.7) |
West China | 1,307,488 (36.3) | 277,967 (42.6) | 262,227 (37.4) | 234,400 (34.8) | 532,894 (33.9) |
Northeast China | 328,907 (9.1) | 50,221 (7.7) | 74,321 (10.6) | 69,663 (10.3) | 134,702 (8.6) |
Education, n (%) | |||||
Primary school and below | 1,641,299 (45.6) | 239,953 (36.8) | 286,765 (40.9) | 307,999 (45.7) | 806,582 (51.3) |
Middle school | 1,148,403 (31.9) | 216,840 (33.2) | 234,510 (33.5) | 222,205 (32.9) | 474,848 (30.2) |
High school and above | 771,773 (21.4) | 189,075 (29.0) | 171,650 (24.5) | 136,527 (20.2) | 274,521 (17.5) |
Unknown | 37,465 (1.0) | 6,532 (1.0) | 8,023 (1.1) | 7,778 (1.2) | 15,132 (1.0) |
Annual household income, RMB, n (%) | |||||
< 10 k | 614,424 (17.1) | 90,509 (13.9) | 105,873 (15.1) | 113,782 (16.9) | 304,260 (19.4) |
10 k- 50 k | 1982,603 (55.1) | 350,826 (53.8) | 387,511 (55.3) | 376,771 (55.9) | 867,495 (55.2) |
> = 50 k | 670,264 (18.6) | 148,813 (22.8) | 143,041 (20.4) | 121,379 (18.0) | 257,031 (16.4) |
Unknown | 331,649 (9.2) | 62,252 (9.5) | 64,523 (9.2) | 62,577 (9.3) | 142,297 (9.1) |
Live in Rural, n (%) | 2,189,361 (60.8) | 374,102 (57.3) | 411,081 (58.6) | 409,753 (60.7) | 994,425 (63.3) |
Current smoker, n (%) | 700,898 (19.5) | 116,578 (17.9) | 133,954 (19.1) | 136,179 (20.2) | 314,187 (20.0) |
Current drinker, n (%) | 871,938 (24.2) | 139,203 (21.3) | 158,797 (22.7) | 164,773 (24.4) | 409,165 (26.0) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.74 (3.4) | 23.41 (3.0) | 24.14 (3.1) | 24.66 (3.2) | 25.64 (3.5) |
BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | |||||
< 18 | 39,086 (1.1) | 13,163 (2.0) | 8,348 (1.2) | 6,581 (1.0) | 10,994 (0.8) |
18–24 | 1,988,249 (55.3) | 462,086 (70.9) | 442,723 (63.2) | 379,541 (56.3) | 703,899 (44.8) |
24–28 | 988,731 (27.5) | 130,554 (20.0) | 174,255 (24.9) | 189,638 (28.2) | 494,284 (31.5) |
> = 28 | 578,626 (16.1) | 45,896 (7.0) | 74,637 (10.7) | 97,872 (14.5) | 360,221 (22.9) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.58 (1.1) | 4.41 (1.00) | 4.48 (1.01) | 4.57 (1.0) | 4.64 (1.08) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L, n (%) | |||||
< 5.2 | 2,710,392 (75.3) | 527,080 (80.8) | 553,891 (79.0) | 512,402 (76.0) | 1,117,019 (71.1) |
5.2–6.19 | 640,420 (17.8) | 93,632 (14.4) | 109,055 (15.6) | 118,901 (17.6) | 318,832 (20.3) |
> = 6.2 | 248,128 (6.9) | 31,688 (4.9) | 38,002 (5.4) | 43,206 (6.4) | 135,232 (8.6) |
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.42 (0.4) | 1.44 (0.4) | 1.43 (0.4) | 1.43 (0.4) | 1.39 (0.4) |
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.44 (0.9) | 2.34 (0.9) | 2.39 (0.9) | 2.45 (0.9) | 2.48 (0.9) |
Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.58 (0.8) | 1.42 (0.7) | 1.50 (0.8) | 1.56 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.9) |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 6.14 (1.7) | 5.82 (1.4) | 5.90 (1.5) | 6.07 (1.6) | 6.35 (1.8) |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, n (%) | |||||
< 5.6 | 1,388,048 (38.6) | 312,806 (47.9) | 316,862 (45.2) | 267,785 (39.7) | 490,595 (31.2) |
5.6–6.9 | 1,620,079 (45.0) | 275,923 (42.3) | 303,037 (43.2) | 308,761 (45.8) | 732,358 (46.6) |
> = 7.0 | 590,813 (16.4) | 63,671 (9.8) | 81,049 (11.6) | 97,963 (14.5) | 348,130 (22.2) |
Medical history, n (%) | |||||
Cardiovascular disease | 107,033 (3.0) | 8,903 (1.4) | 10,671 (1.5) | 12,645 (1.9) | 74,814 (4.8) |
Stroke | 73,094 (2.0) | 4,976 (0.8) | 6,435 (0.9) | 7,926 (1.2) | 53,757 (3.4) |
Myocardial infarction | 21,015 (0.6) | 2,511 (0.4) | 2,671 (0.4) | 2,867 (0.4) | 12,966 (0.8) |
Hypertension | 681,103 (18.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 681,103 (43.4) |
Diabetes mellitus | 234,467 (6.5) | 19,988 (3.1) | 27,080 (3.9) | 33,543 (5.0) | 153,856 (9.8) |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 352,489 (9.8) | 41,662 (6.4) | 49,993 (7.1) | 56,390 (8.4) | 204,444 (13.0) |
Anti-hypertensive drug use, n(%) | 468,944 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 468,944 (29.8) |
High CVD risk a, n (%) | 819,620 (22.8) | 39,681 (6.1) | 45,762 (6.5) | 50,530 (7.5) | 683,647 (43.5) |
Mortality, n (%) | |||||
Total mortality | 80,494 (2.2) | 8,611 (1.3) | 11,265 (1.6) | 13,092 (1.9) | 47,526 (3.0) |
CVD mortality | 33,450 (0.9) | 2,492 (0.4) | 3,725 (0.5) | 4,741 (0.7) | 22,492 (1.4) |
Non-CVD mortality | 47,044 (1.3) | 6,119 (0.9) | 7,540 (1.1) | 8,351 (1.2) | 25,034 (1.6) |