Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants
|  | Total (N = 807)a | GDM cases (n = 269)a | Controls (n = 538)a | Pvalues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age (years) | 27.78 ± 3.88 | 27.89 ± 4.02 | 27.73 ± 3.82 | NA |
Gestational age (weeks) | 10.38 ± 1.95 | 10.30 ± 2.08 | 10.42 ± 1.89 | NA |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.51 ± 3.12 | 22.25 ± 3.27 | 21.14 ± 2.98 |  < 0.001 |
College education or above | 332 (41.14) | 106 (39.41) | 226 (42.01) | 0.65 |
Ever smoking | 42 (5.20) | 17 (6.32) | 25 (4.65) | 0.32 |
Ever drinking | 147 (18.22) | 53 (19.70) | 94 (17.47) | 0.45 |
Physical activity, MET-hours/week | 129.55 ± 79.30 | 124.00 ± 77.23 | 132.33 ± 80.24 | 0.17 |
Nulliparous | 403 (49.94) | 140 (52.04) | 263 (48.88) | 0.34 |
Family history of diabetes | 60 (7.43) | 29 (10.78) | 31 (5.76) | 0.001 |
History of GDM | 22 (2.73) | 15 (5.58) | 7 (1.30) | 0.01 |