Table 2 Measurement of the plsRglm model based on the four-autoantibody signature in the diagnosis of ESCC and preclinical ESCC

Training set

 ESCC (n = 388) vs. NC (n = 125)

68.8%/62.9%

90.4%/95.2%

7.17/13.10

0.34/0.39

 Early-stage ESCC (n = 53) vs. NC (n = 125)

62.3%/56.6%

90.4%/95.2%

6.49/11.79

0.42/0.46

Internal validation set

 ESCC (n = 312) vs. NC (n = 101)

65.3%/59.5%

89.1%/91.1%

5.99/6.68

0.39/0.44

 Early-stage ESCC (n = 72) vs. NC (n = 101)

62.5%/56.9%

89.1%/91.1%

5.74/6.39

0.42/0.47

External validation set 1

 ESCC (n = 237) vs. NC (n = 134)

69.2%/61.2%

87.3%/94.8%

5.45/11.71

0.35/0.41

 Early-stage ESCC (n = 76) vs. NC (n = 134)

63.2%/53.9%

87.3%/94.8%

4.98/10.33

0.42/0.49

External validation set 2

 Early-stage ESCC (n = 101) vs. NC (n = 101)

67.3%/61.4%

90.1%/95.0%

6.80/12.40

0.36/0.41

External validation set 3

 Prediagnostic ESCC (n = 24) vs. NC (n = 112)

54.2%/41.7%

86.6%/86.6%

4.04/3.11

0.53/0.67