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Table 2 Estimated relative differences in cumulative deaths per million during the first COVID-19 wave, compared to observed number of deaths, if the response of country had been delayed by 1 day or by 3 days. A factor above 1 indicates an increase in deaths with the counterfactual response, while a factor below 1 indicates a decrease

From: Evaluating the COVID-19 responses of Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, February–June 2020: a counterfactual modeling study

Country

Multiplication factor of cumulative deaths compared to the actual response, median (95% CrI)

One-day delay of response

Three-day delay of response

Belgium

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

2.2 (1.7–3.0)

Denmark

1.2 (0.7–2.1)

2.0 (1.1–3.7)

Germany

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

2.4 (1.7–3.6)

Netherlands

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

2.3 (1.7–3.1)

Sweden

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

2.0 (1.3–3.1)

UK

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.8 (1.5–2.3)

  1. CrI credibility interval