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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants at baseline

From: Effect of hypoglycemic agents with weight loss effect plus a high protein diet and moderate exercise on diabetes remission in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Characteristics

Standard treatment group

Intensive treatment group

Prediabetes (N = 13)

Diabetes (N = 18)

Prediabetes (N = 15)

Diabetes (N = 15)

Female sex—no. (%)

7 (53.85)

9 (50.00)

6 (40.00)

10 (66.67)

Age—years

36.08 ± 9.16

39.28 ± 13.19

34.27 ± 11.40

38.73 ± 12.94

Han ethnicity—no. (%)

12 (92.31)

16 (88.89)

14 (93.33)

13 (86.67)

Time since glucose abnormality—months

3.42 ± 1.21

3.91 ± 1.62

3.78 ± 1.55

4.00 ± 1.24

History of other diseases—no. (%)

 Hypertension

8 (61.54)

9 (50.00)

10 (66.67)

7 (46.67)

 Dyslipidemia

4 (30.77)

9 (50.00)

7 (46.67)

11 (73.33)

 MASLD

8 (61.54)

16 (88.89)

9 (60.00)

11 (73.33)

 Hyperuricemia

8 (61.54)

4 (22.22)a

11 (73.33)d

4 (26.67)cf

Oral hypoglycemic agents—no. (%)

 Metformin

11 (84.61)

14 (77.78)

14 (93.33)

12 (80.00)

 TZD

2 (15.38)

0 (00.00)

1 (6.67)

2 (13.33)

 SGLT-2i

5 (38.46)

8 (44.44)

11 (73.33)

11 (73.33)

 GLP-1RA

4 (30.77)

8 (44.44)

10 (66.67)

8 (53.33)

 weight (kg)

100.43 ± 18.51

99.06 ± 16.49

112.11 ± 16.92

101.21 ± 19.05

 BMI (kg/m2)

35.21 ± 5.97

34.56 ± 5.53

38.87 ± 4.73

36.49 ± 5.78

 PBF (%)

41.42 ± 5.94

40.96 ± 7.83

43.70 ± 4.87

44.49 ± 6.72

 VFA (cm2)

194.73 ± 44.03

204.57 ± 34.09

221.13 ± 26.98

212.43 ± 50.63

 SMM (kg)

32.00 ± 5.58

32.41 ± 6.00

35.51 ± 6.65

31.07 ± 6.24

 CAP (dB/m)

332.77 ± 53.66

334.89 ± 38.81

319.27 ± 48.44

303.20 ± 68.69

 FPG (mmol/L)

5.34 ± 0.72

8.36 ± 2.45a

5.10 ± 0.65d

8.15 ± 3.19cf

 2hPG (mmol/L)

8.37 ± 0.89

15.89 ± 3.47a

9.02 ± 1.08d

15.56 ± 4.30cf

 FINS (μU/mL)

22.85 (17.59 to 29.10)

22.62 (17.39 to 32.90)

19.55 (14.42 to 29.51)

30.40 (17.09 to 60.49)

 HbA1c (%)

5.79 ± 0.34

7.77 ± 1.78a

5.77 ± 0.37d

7.53 ± 2.06cf

 TC (mmol/L)

4.74 ± 0.62

5.48 ± 1.27

5.29 ± 1.02

5.52 ± 1.15

 TG (mmol/L)

1.99 (1.72 to 3.28)

1.69 (1.26 to 2.77)

1.54 (1.05 to 2.77)

2.23 (1.81 to 3.17)

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.26 ± 0.33

1.26 ± 0.29

1.20 ± 0.30

1.25 ± 0.34

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.95 ± 0.48

3.50 ± 1.05

3.29 ± 0.86

3.41 ± 0.82

 Urea (mmol/L)

4.82 ± 0.82

4.60 ± 1.09

5.06 ± 1.13

4.90 ± 1.09

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

70.00 ± 22.89

57.70 ± 13.33a

64.33 ± 11.96

63.73 ± 13.58

 UA (μmol/L)

446.23 ± 122.49

364.28 ± 102.16a

453.93 ± 105.49d

366.33 ± 75.75cf

 ALT (IU/L)

37.60 (20.50 to 57.05)

59.75 (30.60 to 109.70)

28.00 (18.20 to 44.30)

45.40 (34.50 to 63.00)

 AST (IU/L)

27.80 (17.55 to 42.00)

41.45 (22.93 to 60.55)

21.40 (14.40 to 31.90)

28.40 (25.80 to 48.60)

  1. Abbreviations MASLD metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, BMI body mass index, PBF percent of body fat, VFA visceral fat area, SMM skeletal muscle mass, CAP controlled attenuation parameter, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2hPG 2-h Postprandial Glucose, FINS fasting insulin, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TG, triglyceride HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, UA uric acid, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase
  2. aindicated that significant difference between patients with prediabetes and those with diabetes in the standard treatment group
  3. bindicated that significant difference between patients with prediabetes in the standard treatment group and those in the intensive treatment group
  4. cindicated that significant difference between patients with prediabetes (standard treatment) and patients with diabetes (intensive treatment)
  5. dindicated that significant difference between patients with diabetes (standard treatment) and patients with prediabetes (intensive treatment) 
  6. eindicated that significant difference between patients with diabetes in the standard treatment group and those in the intensive treatment group
  7. findicated that significant difference between patients with prediabetes and diabetes within the intensive treatment group
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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