Table 2 Effects of treatment regimens on weight loss, body composition, and metabolic indices^a

Weight (kg)

60

 − 1.52 (− 6.43 to 3.38)

 − 19.29 (− 24.30 to − 14.30)^‡

 − 17.77 (− 22.90 to − 12.64) ^‡

BMI (kg/m²)

60

 − 0.52 (− 2.30 to 1.27)

 − 6.86 (− 8.68 to − 5.05)^‡

 − 6.35 (− 8.21 to − 4.48) ^‡

PBF (%)

60

 − 0.64 (− 3.55 to 2.28)

 − 6.28 (− 9.24 to − 3.32)^‡

 − 5.64 (− 8.69 to − 2.60) ^‡

VFA (cm²)

60

 − 11.30 (− 33.66 to 11.00)

 − 53.80 (− 76.51 to − 31.12)^‡

 − 42.49 (− 65.82 to − 19.15) ^‡

SMM (kg)

60

 − 0.07 (− 1.37 to 1.23)

 − 0.48 (− 1.80 to 0.84)

 − 0.41 (− 1.76 to 0.94)

CAP (dB/m)

60

 − 10.60 (− 32.50 to 11.30)

 − 59.10 (− 81.42 to − 31.80)^‡

 − 48.55 (− 71.46 to − 25.64) ^‡

TC (mmol/L)

60

 − 0.38 (− 1.00 to 0.25)

 − 1.26 (− 1.90 to − 0.60)^‡

 − 0.89 (− 1.54 to − 0.24)^†

TG (mmol/L)

60

 − 0.37 (− 1.76 to 1.03)

 − 1.08 (− 2.49 to 0.34)

 − 0.71 (− 2.17 to 0.74)

HDL-C (mmol/L)

60

 − 0.02 (− 0.14 to 0.10)

0.15 (0.03 to 0.27)^†

0.17 (0.05 to 0.30)^†

LDL-C (mmol/L)

60

 − 0.07 (− 0.53 to 0.39)

 − 0.44 (− 0.90 to 0.03)

 − 0.36 (− 0.84 to 0.12)

FPG (mmol/L)

60

 − 1.50 (− 2.72 to − 0.28)^†

 − 2.09 (− 3.33 to − 0.85)^‡

 − 0.59 (− 1.86 to 0.68)

2hPG (mmol/L)

53

 − 4.41 (− 6.43 to − 2.93)^‡

 − 5.57 (− 7.62 to − 3.51)^‡

 − 1.16 (− 3.27 to 0.95)

FINS (μU/mL)

60

 − 2.89 (− 10.96 to 5.18)

 − 18.74 (− 26.94 to − 10.53)^‡

 − 15.85 (− 24.28 to − 7.41)^‡

HbA_1c (%)

60

 − 0.71 (− 1.36 to − 0.06)^†

 − 1.40 (− 2.04 to − 0.76)^‡

 − 0.69 (− 1.36 to − 0.20)^†

Urea (mmol/L)

56

0.64 (− 0.02 to 1.30)

0.58 (− 0.09 to 1.25)

0.07 (− 0.75 to 0.62)

Creatinine (μmol/L)

56

 − 0.05 (− 4.17 to 4.08)

1.92 (− 2.27 to 6.12)

1.97 (− 2.34 to 6.28)

UA (μmol/L)

60

 − 61.30 (− 106.50 to − 15.99)^†

 − 98.00 (− 144.00 to − 51.99)^‡

 − 36.74 (− 84.05 to 10.56)

ALT (IU/L)

60

 − 9.33 (− 28.38 to 9.71)

 − 21.46 (− 40.81 to − 2.10)^†

 − 12.12 (− 32.02 to 7.78)

AST (IU/L)

60

 − 2.82 (− 13.79 to 8.16)

 − 9.91 (− 21.07 to 1.24)

 − 7.10 (− 18.57 to 4.37)