Fig. 2

CPB affect abundance of the gut microbiota. A The Venn diagram of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) sample distribution. B, C Alpha-diversity of pre- or post-operative gut microbiota (Chao1 and ACE index, Wilcoxon test). D, E Beta-diversity analysis by PCoA analysis of unweighted and weighted between Pre- and post-operation. F, G Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) of different species between groups. F The bar plots represent the significantly differential taxa between pre- or post-operative, based on effect size (LDA score [log 10] 2). G The cladogram showed the differences in enriched taxa between pre- or post-operative