Table 1 Baseline demographics and disease characteristics

Age, years

 Median (range)

62 (26–84)

62 (26–84)

63 (36–80)

0.631

 Age ≤ 65, No. (%)

387 (62.6%)

48 (62.3%)

339 (62.7%)

0.956

Gender, No. (%)

0.294

 Male

351 (56.8%)

48 (62.3%)

303 (56.0%)

 Female

267 (43.2%)

29 (37.7%)

238 (44.0%)

ISS stage, No. (%)

0.184

 Stage1

211 (34.1%)

22 (28.6%)

189 (34.9%)

 Stage2

250 (40.5%)

29 (37.7%)

221 (40.9%)

 Stage3

157 (25.4%)

26 (33.8%)

131 (24.2%)

R-ISS stage, No. (%)

0.078

 Stage1

104 (20.8%)

10 (15.4%)

94 (21.6%)

 Stage2

336 (67.2%)

42 (64.6%)

294 (67.6%)

 Stage3

60 (12.0%)

13 (20.0%)

47 (10.8%)

Cytogenetics, No. (%)

 Gain/amplification of 1q21

266 (53.5%)

42 (65.6%)

224 (51.7%)

0.038

 del(17p)

53 (10.7%)

10 (15.6%)

43 (9.9%)

0.168

 t(11;14)

76 (16.6%)

9 (14.1%)

67 (17.0%)

0.563

 t(4;14)

73 (15.6%)

14 (21.5%)

59 (14.6%)

0.155

 t(14;16)

5 (1.1%)

1 (1.7%)

4 (1.0%)

0.635

 Double-hit cytogenetics

77 (17.1%)

20 (34.5%)

57 (14.6%)

< 0.001

Baseline features

 Hypercalcemia, No. (%)

37 (6.0%)

10 (13.0%)

27 (5.0%)

0.006

 Renal dysfunction (Ccr < 60 ml/min), No. (%)

159 (25.7%)

22 (28.6%)

137 (25.3%)

0.542

 Anemia (< 100 g/L), No. (%)

297 (48.1%)

38 (49.4%)

259 (47.9%)

0.808

 Osteolytic lesions (≥ 3 lesions), No. (%)

362 (58.6%)

64 (83.1%)

298 (55.1%)

< 0.001

 LVEF (≥ 60%), No. (%)

570 (96.1%)

73 (97.3%)

497 (95.9%)

0.561

 NT-proBNP, median (range) (ng/ml)

134 (5–32,606)

189 (21–11,328)

128 (5–32,606)

0.155

 ECOG Score 0–2, No. (%)

544 (90.5%)

69 (92.0%)

475 (90.3%)

0.639

Elevated LDH, No. (%)

0.083

 Yes

130 (21.0%)

22 (28.6%)

108 (20.0%)

 No

488 (79.0%)

55 (71.4%)

433 (80.0%)

EMD at diagnosis, No. (%)

 ALL EMD

149 (24.1%)

32 (41.6%)

117 (21.6%)

< 0.001

 EM-B (bone-related)

121 (19.6%)

20 (26.0%)

101 (18.7%)

0.175

 EM-E (extraosseous)

28 (4.5%)

12 (15.6%)

16 (3.0%)

< 0.001

Induction regimen, No. (%)

 PI-based

486 (78.6%)

61 (79.2%)

452 (78.6%)

0.433

 IMiD-based

51 (8.3%)

5 (6.5%)

46 (8.5%)

0.705

 PI and IMiD combination

57 (9.2%)

6 (7.8%)

51 (9.4%)

0.800

 PI, IMiD and CD38 Ab combination

20 (3.2%)

4 (5.2%)

16 (3.0%)

0.488

ASCT, No. (%)

0.010

 Yes

235 (38.0%)

19 (24.7%)

216 (39.9%)

 No

383 (62.0%)

58 (75.3%)

325 (61.0%)

M type, No. (%)

 IgA

145 (23.5%)

20 (26.0%)

125 (23.1%)

0.819

 IgG

309 (50.1%)

40 (51.9%)

269 (49.8%)

0.687

 IgD

23 (3.7%)

6 (7.8%)

17 (3.1%)

0.090

 sFLC

125 (20.3%)

9 (11.7%)

116 (21.5%)

0.064

 Non-secretory

15 (2.4%)

2 (2.6%)

13 (2.4%)

1.000