Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants [mean ± SD or n (%)]
Characteristics | Total (n = 1241) |
|---|---|
Maternal and family characteristics | |
Maternal age at enrollment (years) | 26.63 ± 3.55 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.59 ± 2.88 |
Delivery mode | |
Vaginal delivery | 557 (44.9) |
Cesarean section | 684 (55.1) |
Family monthly income per capita (CNY) | |
≤ 2500 | 342 (27.6) |
2500–4000 | 522 (42.0) |
> 4000 | 377 (30.4) |
Smoking and drinking during pregnancy | |
Yes | 112 (9.0) |
No | 1129 (91.0) |
Maternal fever during pregnancy | |
Yes | 153 (12.3) |
No | 1088 (87.7) |
Maternal infection or inflammation conditions during pregnancy | |
Yes | 100 (8.1) |
No | 1141 (91.9) |
Maternal pregnancy-related anxiety | |
Yes | 588 (47.4) |
No | 653 (52.6) |
Maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy | |
Yes | 1132 (91.2) |
No | 109 (8.8) |
Average concentrations of maternal serum 25(OH)D during pregnancy | 19.60 ± 6.05 |
< 20 ng/mL | 728 (58.7) |
≥ 20 ng/mL | 513 (41.3) |
Placental characteristics | |
Placental weight (g) | 571.96 ± 162.77 |
Placental efficiency | 6.39 ± 2.87 |
Children’s characteristics | |
Birth weight (g) | 3382.68 ± 429.32 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.14 ± 1.27 |
Children’s age at neurodevelopmental testing (months) | 18.16 ± 0.60 |
Sex | |
Boys | 629 (50.7) |
Girls | 612 (49.3) |
Main caregivers | |
Parents | 246 (19.8) |
Parents and grandparents | 908 (73.2) |
Others | 87 (7.0) |
Breastfeeding duration (months) | |
< 1 | 363 (29.3) |
1–4 | 173 (13.9) |
> 4 | 705 (56.8) |