Fig. 4
Network-based spreading of ALFF abnormalities and epicenter identification in GGE-GTCS. A Schematic illustration of the network-based diffusion model [20]. The red nodes and edges represent the nth neighboring scale of a given region (orange). B The mean diffusive probability curves within the same system in Yeo intrinsic functional networks. C Model predictive performance. The empirical correlations (red circles) were compared to surrogate correlations generated from spin tests (“Nullspin,” 10,000 repetitions) and rewired tests (“Nullrewired,” 1000 repetitions). Asterisks denote statistical significance (*P < 0.001, one-tailed). The scatter plot displays the best predictive performance at the second neighboring scale. D Schematic of the disease epicenter mapping approach [20]. E The epicenter likelihood maps (top panels) and epicenter regions (bottom panels; Pspin < 0.05, one-tailed) at five neighboring scales. F The conjunction map of disease epicenters illustrates the probability of each region being recognized as an epicenter across five scales. G Diffusive probability distribution of two robust epicenters depicted in the limbic-temporal cortex (LTPC, top panels) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, bottom panels) at each scale. The right panels display the diffusive probability of two epicenters within and between networks. DA, dorsal attention; DM, default mode; FP, frontoparietal; LIM, limbic; SM, somatomotor; VIS, visual; VA, ventral attention