Outcomes and cost-effectiveness of an integrated holistic care package on persons affected by podoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis and leprosy and community members in north-western Ethiopia: an implementation research study

Table 2 Physical health characteristics of patient cohort

Variables	Baseline		Endline		χ² (95% CI)	p-value
	N	%	N	%
Previous lymphoedema treatment					^a	^a
No	138	62.4	1	0.5
Yes	83	37.7	191	99.5
Total	221	100	192	100
Current treatment or self-care for leg(s)					^a	^a
No	15	18.1	0	0
Yes	68	81.9	191	100
Total	83	100	191	100
Source of treatment					0.18 (− 0.07, 0.05)	0.67
Government clinic	81	97.6	188	98.4
Non-government clinic	2	2.4	3	1.6
Total	83	100	191	100
Presence of wounds					0.1 (0.001, 5.02)	0.75
No	216	97.7	187	97.4
Yes	5	2.3	5	2.6
Total	221	100	192	100
Presence of Nodules					0.03 (0.001, 4.43)	0.86
No	206	93.2	175	91.1
Yes	15	6.8	17	8.9
Total	221	100	192	100
Signs of infection					1.45 (0.003, 13.40)	0.23
No	213	96.4	189	98.4
Yes	8	3.6	3	1.6
Total	221	100	192	100
Acute attack/reaction in the last month					6.24 (0.001, 6.64)	0.01
No	28	12.7	46	24.0
Yes	193	87.3	146	76.0
Total	221	100	192	100
Mean maximum lower limb circumference (cm) (SD)	26.76 (4.8)		24.99 (4.0)		− 1.87(− 1.99, − 1.65)^b	< 0.001
Mean maximum foot circumference (cm) (SD)	27.50 (3.1)		25.25 (3.2)		− 2.33(− 2.16, − 1.83)^b	< 0.001
Mean WHODAS-2.0 scores (SD)	26.4 (7.1)		19.9 (5.1)		− 6.51(− 7.60, − 5.50)^b	< 0.001

Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, SD Standard deviation, WHODAS-2.0 World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0
^aThe limited number of observations per cell (0 or 1) is too small to generate a valid p-value
^bMean (95% CI)

ISSN: 1741-7015