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  1. Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative probiotic supplementation on the incidence of A...

    Authors: Xiaofang Yang, Ruisheng Liu, Zhijing An, Boxia Li, Yanyan Lin, Yuanmin Li, Bing Song, Jinqiu Yuan, Wenbo Meng and Christian Waydhas
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:238
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disease, often remaining asymptomatic until the thyroid is significantly affected. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential...

    Authors: Xue Zhang, Yuqing Wang, Huiwen Xue, Yingsuo Zhao, Mingcheng Liu, Hui Wei and Qianwei Liu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:237
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. There is an association between increased dietary sodium intake and the risk of stomach cancer. Lowering dietary sodium intake with sodium-reduced potassium-enriched salt substitutes may reduce this risk. To e...

    Authors: Xinyi Zhang, Xuejun Yin, Mei Ling Yap, Qiang Li, Liping Huang, Yishu Liu, Bo Zhou, Zhifang Li, Yi Zhao, Jixin Sun, Yan Yu, Lijing L. Yan, Yangfeng Wu, Bruce Neal and Maoyi Tian
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:236
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Autoantibodies represent promising diagnostic blood-based biomarkers that may be generated prior to the first clinically detectable signs of cancers. In present study, we aimed to identify a novel optimized au...

    Authors: Yi-Wei Xu, Yu-Hui Peng, Can-Tong Liu, Hao Chen, Ling-Yu Chu, Hai-Lu Chen, Zhi-Yong Wu, Wen-Qiang Wei, Li-Yan Xu, Fang-Cai Wu and En-Min Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:235
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a measure of insulin sensitivity. While recent evidence suggests its role in cardiovascular risk assessment in Type 1 diabetes, its associations with cardiovascular di...

    Authors: Lei Guo, Jun Zhang, Ran An, Wenrui Wang, Jie Fen, Yanshuang Wu and Yanqing Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:234
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is notably linked to thrombotic events, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of remnant cholesterol (RC) in predicting CVD risk is established, yet its relationsh...

    Authors: Bin Cai, Yangzhong Zhou, Xinzhuang Yang, Zhaoqing Wang, Can Huang, Qingqing Xiao, Hui Jiang, Yuan Zhao, Xinping Tian, Qian Wang, Guanqiao Li, Mengtao Li, Xiaofeng Zeng and Jiuliang Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:233
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Adipose tissue (AT) responds to excess calorie intake; however, the deficit in micronutrients accompanied by the modern lifestyle is often overlooked. Micronutrient deficiency in pregnancy, particularly vitami...

    Authors: Jinous Samavat, Joseph Boachie, Philip G. McTernan, Mark Christian, Ponnusamy Saravanan and Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:232
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Systems thinking approaches can determine system interdependencies to guide effective policymaking but have been underutilised in health policymaking, particularly for policies related to access and delivery o...

    Authors: Siobhan Botwright, Yot Teerawattananon, Natcha Yongphiphatwong, Jeerath Phannajit, Kinanti Khansa Chavarina, Jiratorn Sutawong and Le Khanh Ngan Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:231
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Microsatellite stable (MSS) gastric cancer (GC) is largely unresponsive to immunotherapy, presenting a persistent and formidable challenge in the field. Patients with advanced GC and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylor...

    Authors: Chengyu Hu, Hongming Liu, Bo Hong, Li Wang, Zelai Wu, Weixun Xie, Bixian Luo, Dong Cao, Yuxin Zhong, Yong Liu and Weihua Gong
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:230
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Environmental access to exercise opportunities plays a crucial role in determining the level of physical activity within a population. However, it is unclear how environmental factors contribute to disparities...

    Authors: Xiaowen Wang, Yongshi Gu, Ying Wang, Yuqing Qiu, Tianling Chen, Philip K. Hopke, Kai Zhang, Shao Lin, Yanji Qu, Ziqiang Lin, Xinlei Deng, Jie Sun, Shuming Zhu, Xueqing Deng, Sizhe Li, Xian Lin…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:228
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. The increasingly older world population presents new aging-related challenges, especially for persons with dementia unable to express their suffering. Pain intensity and the effect of pain treatment are diffic...

    Authors: Monica Patrascu, Line I. Berge, Ipsit V. Vahia, Brice Marty, Wilco P. Achterberg, Heather Allore, Richard R. Fletcher and Bettina S. Husebo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:227
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  13. The relationship between high-normal blood pressure (BP) and mortality lacks high-quality evidence based on large population cohorts. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the association of high-norm...

    Authors: Zhiwei Li, Mengmeng Liu, Bowang Chen, Yuelin Wu, Hui Jia, Ruirui Geng, Yixiao Wang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yang Yang, Jianlan Cui, Jiapeng Lu, Zhiping Guo, Xi Li and Weili Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:226
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Authors: Shuichi Mitsunaga, Masafumi Ikeda, Makoto Ueno, Satoshi Kobayashi, Masahiro Tsuda, Ikuya Miki, Takamichi Kuwahara, Kazuo Hara, Yukiko Takayama, Yutaro Matsunaga, Keiji Hanada, Akinori Shimizu, Hitoshi Yoshida, Tomohiro Nomoto, Kenji Takahashi, Hidetaka Iwamoto…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:225
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2025 23:23

  15. Recent research suggests that new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) often results from pancreatic cancer (PC) rather than causing it. Determining if NODM is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or PC-related NODM (NOD...

    Authors: Yu Zhou, Zhuo Wu, Liangtang Zeng and Rufu Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:224
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Osimertinib is a standard treatment for first- or second-line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, options ar...

    Authors: Xinyue Wang, Zhaona Li, Liuchun Wang, Yan Liang, Chun Huang, Peng Chen, Dingzhi Huang, Xia Song, Cuimin Ding, Changli Wang and Richeng Jiang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:223
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Understanding the risks of COVID-19-related consequences for vulnerable groups such as people with multimorbidity is crucial to better tailor health care and public health measures. The main objective of this ...

    Authors: Tatjana T. Makovski, Olivier Steichen, Melissa Rushyizekera, Marjan van den Akker and Joël Coste
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:222
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Persistent and troublesome physical symptoms are common and can, regardless of their cause, greatly impair patients’ quality of life. Reflecting complex brain-body interactions, they are observed across all he...

    Authors: Abigail Smakowski, Judith Rosmalen, Bernd Löwe, Christopher Burton and Anne Toussaint
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:221
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Authors: Miaoyan Wei, Rujiao Liu, Yunyun Xu, Xiaobing Chen, Chao Liu, Xueli Bai, Xiaochen Zhang, Shuiping Gao, Jialin Li, Zhen Sheng, Jianpo Lian, Wenliang Wang, Jian Zhang, Si Shi, Jin Xu and Xianjun Yu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:220
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2024 22:365

  20. Studies investigating the associations of 24-h movement behaviours (including moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity PA (LPA), sedentary time (ST) and sleep) with depressive s...

    Authors: Marjo Seppänen, Tiina Lankila, Maisa Niemelä, Nina Rautio, Maija Korpisaari, Markku Timonen, Raija Korpelainen and Vahid Farrahi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:219
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Differential attainment (DA), or differences in performance of groups (rather than individual differences), has been observed in a number of postgraduate medical specialty examinations used in UK medical train...

    Authors: Ricky Ellis, Andy Knapton, Jane Cannon, Amanda J. Lee and Jennifer Cleland
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:216
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Although the associations between cord blood lipidome and neonatal birth weight are established, it remains uncertain whether sexual dimorphism in fetal fat accumulation extends to the relationship between cor...

    Authors: Kothandaraman Narasimhan, Mya Thway Tint, Li Chen, Sartaj Ahmad Mir, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Navin Michael, Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Karen Mei-Ling Tan, Priti Mishra, Anne K. Bendt, Kok Hian Tan, David Cameron-Smith, Yap Seng Chong, Peter D. Gluckman, Peter J. Meikle, Melvin Khee Shing Leow…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:215
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Public adherence to cancer screening remains low and is influenced by both rational and non-rational factors, including decision biases that underestimate screening benefits. Digital nudge interventions have s...

    Authors: Fangfang Wang, Yonglin Li, Chenxing Zhang, Rachel Arbing, Wei-Ti Chen and Feifei Huang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:214
    Content type: Review Published on:

  26. Fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium plays a key role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and may be associated with progressive heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate the char...

    Authors: Hao Cui, Songren Shu, Ningning Zhang, Mangyuan Wang, Tianshuo Yang, Zhen Wang, Xiao Chen, Mengxia Fu, Mengda Xu, Yicheng Yang, Peizhi Wang, Chuangshi Wang, Qiaoxi Yang, Huimin Gao, Yao Jiang and Jiangping Song
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:213
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Bile acids (BAs) have emerged as important mediators in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, important features of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to examine serum BA levels in newly diagnosed pe...

    Authors: Ida Erngren, Aina Vaivade, Henrik Carlsson, Asma Al-Grety, Torbjörn Åkerfeldt, Ingrid Kockum, Anna Karin Hedström, Lars Alfredsson, Tomas Olsson, Joachim Burman and Kim Kultima
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:212
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Healthcare service provision, planning, and management depend on the availability of a geolocated, up-to-date, comprehensive health facility database (HFDB) to adequately meet a population’s healthcare needs. ...

    Authors: Peter M. Macharia, Lenka Beňová, Nicolas Ray, Aline Semaan, Moses M. Musau, John Kapoi Kipterer, Mark Herringer, Robert W. Snow and Emelda A. Okiro
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:211
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  29. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a significant global public health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to analyze global trends in COP...

    Authors: Shafaq Naeem, Fang Wang, Rabia Mubarak, Hui Shen, Xuechun Li, Irene Mommers, Syeda Rija Hussain, Saima Shakil Malik, Chuanhua Yu, Eelko Hak, Xiaolin Xu, Muhammad Fawad and Sumaira Mubarik
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:210
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a liver-specific autoimmune disease. Treatment of PBC with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is not sufficient to prevent disease progression. Our previous study revealed that th...

    Authors: Chunpan Zhang, Guangyong Sun, Hua Jin, Yunxiong Wei, Shimeng Zheng, Xiyu Wang, Xinyan Zhao, Dong Zhang and Jidong Jia
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:209
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Ethnic minority groups are particularly vulnerable to healthcare inequities, with catastrophic medical expenditures often pushing them into poverty. However, empirical research on the impact of healthcare refo...

    Authors: Xin Xiang, Yu Li, Ning Liang, Bangqin Wang and Hongzhi Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:208
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health disparities, with long COVID emerging as a major global public health challenge. Although clinical risk factors for long COVID are well-documented, the cumulative b...

    Authors: Junwei Xiang, Hu Zheng, Yuhang Cai, Siyuan Chen, Yuanyin Wang and Ran Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:207
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. While randomized clinical trials of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) have generally shown no overall benefit, subgroup analyses suggest the benefit or harm of SUP in specific patients, indicating heterogeneity o...

    Authors: Yongpeng Xie, Yao Yan, Qixiang Hong, Hui Zheng, Lijuan Cao, Xiaoming Li, Songqiao Liu and Hui Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:206
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. To better inform retail food environment policies in the global south, it is necessary to further understand the healthfulness of food and beverages purchased by type of food outlet over time.

    Authors: Ana Paula Domínguez-Barreto, Irene Farah, Nancy López-Olmedo, Carolina Pérez-Ferrer, Yenisei Ramírez-Toscano, Brent A. Langellier, M. Arantxa Colchero, Juan A. Rivera-Dommarco, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez and Dalia Stern
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:205
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The relationship between education and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unclear. This study explores the associations between education and ideal cardiova...

    Authors: Yi Zhang, Guangyu Tong, Ning Ma, Shaoru Chen, Yuhao Kong, Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani, Justice Moses K. Aheto, Andrew Marvin Kanyike, Pengyang Fan, Md Ashfikur Rahman, Abdallah Mkopi, Rockli Kim, Peter Karoli, John Lapah Niyi, Melkamu Aderajew Zemene, Lin Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:204
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Patient safety, defined by the WHO as the absence of preventable harm, is a critical component of healthcare quality and poses a significant challenge globally. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness o...

    Authors: Maria Antònia Fiol-deRoque, José María Valderas, María Jesús Serrano-Ripoll, Montserrat Gens-Barbarà, Francisco Martín-Luján, Encarna Sánchez-Freire, Juan José Montaño, Sofía Mira-Martínez, Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno, Rocío Zamanillo-Campos, Pau Riera-Serra and Ignacio Ricci-Cabello
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:202
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse are major complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Metabolites play crucial roles in immune regulation, but their cau...

    Authors: Xinghao Yu, Yiyin Chen, Lei Lei, Pengfei Li, Dandan Lin, Ying Shen, Chang Hou, Jia Chen, Yi Fan, Yi Jin, Huimin Lu, Depei Wu and Yang Xu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:201
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of seasonal and global pandemics, posing serious health risks. Repositioning approved drugs offers an efficient antiviral strategy, particularly as calcium (Ca2⁺) is cruci...

    Authors: Yinyan Li, Sizu Yang, Feng Jiang, Siqi Luo, Jinlong Liang, Linrui Jiang, Zhixuan Chen, Xin Chen and Jie Yang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:200
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can improve the long-term prognosis of patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) in comparison to conservative treatment remains controversial. The pr...

    Authors: Zizhao Qi, Miaohan Qiu, Ying Xu, Kai Xu, Haiwei Liu, Xiaozeng Wang, Jing Li, Bin Liu, Shaoliang Chen, Jiyan Chen, Yaling Han and Yi Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:199
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a group of congenital brain malformation disorders commonly associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE). While studies often focus on surgery outcomes, the ...

    Authors: Pu Miao, Meiping Ying, Ruotong Chen, Yuyu Yang, Yao Ding, Junming Zhu, Jianhua Feng, Jin Wang, Thandar Aung, Shuang Wang and Bo Jin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:198
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent a new generation of antihyperglycemic agents that operate through mechanisms distinct from conv...

    Authors: Ping-Tao Tseng, Bing-Yan Zeng, Chih-Wei Hsu, Chao-Ming Hung, Andre F. Carvalho, Brendon Stubbs, Yen-Wen Chen, Tien-Yu Chen, Wei-Te Lei, Jiann-Jy Chen, Kuan-Pin Su, Yow-Ling Shiue and Chih-Sung Liang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:197
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. The prevalence of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is approximately 8% in clinical patients; thus, BMS remains a therapeutic challenge. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and oral cryotherapy (OCT) have been evaluated for t...

    Authors: Chenghui Lu, Xuan Zhou, Chenglong Yang, Xinxiang Jiang, Xin Li, Zefan Huang, Qing Du and Guoyao Tang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:196
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) is an established treatment option for uncontrolled pain in osteoarthritis. There is a lack of longer-term follow-up in most studies of the effects of IACI, mean...

    Authors: Samuel Hawley, Albert Prats-Uribe, Gulraj S. Matharu, Antonella Delmestri, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Andrew Judge and Michael R. Whitehouse
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:195
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) continues to increase as the most common mode of oocyte insemination during in vitro fertilisation (IVF), sometimes in the absence of clear indications (i.e. male...

    Authors: Amber L. Kennedy, Richard J. Hiscock, Beverley J. Vollenhoven, Catharyn J. Stern, Lyle C. Gurrin, Tiki Osianlis, Aleah Kink, Susan P. Walker, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, Jon L. Quach, David Wilkinson, John McBain, Mark P. Green, Jessica A. Atkinson, Franca Agresta, Susan P. Baohm…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:194
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Authors: Matthew Anson, Jun Shang Poon, Alex E. Henney, David Riley, Gema H. Ibarbaru, Cyril Sieberhagen, Daniel J. Cuthbertson, Uazman Alam and Theresa Hydes
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:193
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2024 22:574

  47. Previous preclinical studies have revealed the biological links between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. However, population-based evidence remained inconclusive.

    Authors: Chi Shu, Huiqiao Han, Hong Li, Linru Wei, Hong Wu, Changtao Li, Xuan Xie, Bin Zhang, Zhexuan Li, Xin Chen, Jichun Zhao, Yanhong Zhou, Yazhou He and Chuan Xu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:192
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs affect millions of children and adults worldwide. To our knowledge, no clinically validated prognostic biomarkers for chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections exis...

    Authors: Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Cameron Hurst, Peter N. Monk, Gunter Hartel, William Graham Fox Ditcham, Parichart Hongsing, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Puey Ounjai, Pattama Torvorapanit, Kamonwan Jutivorakool, Sirirat Luk-in, Sumanee Nilgate, Ubolrat Rirerm, Chanikan Tanasatitchai, Kazuhiko Miyanaga, Longzhu Cui…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:191
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes increases diabetes-related complications, making the high prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong an important concern. Point-of-care capillary...

    Authors: Linda Chan, Esther Yee Tak Yu, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, David Vai Kiong Chao, Welchie Wai Kit Ko, Catherine Xiao Rui Chen, Paul Po Ling Chan, Emma Victoria Marianne Bilney, Eng Sing Lee, Wei Leik Ng and Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:190
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Antigen-specific immunotherapy shows potential for inducing long-term immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet its clinical application is hampered by uncertainty regarding dominant epitopes. Conversely,...

    Authors: Ruiling Zhao, Zhangyao Su, Junjie Gu, Hang Zhao, Lingling Bian, Yin Jiang, Yun Cai, Tao Yang, Yong Gu and Xinyu Xu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:189
    Content type: Research Published on:
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