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  1. The clinical phenotypes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) have been found to overlap with several other diseases. The new criteria proposed in 2023 were designed to bet...

    Authors: Meng-Ting Cai, Yi Hua, Qi-Lun Lai, Sheng-Yao Su, Chun-Hong Shen, Song Qiao, Yong-Feng Xu, Zhe-Feng Yuan and Yin-Xi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Intermediate phenotypes, such as characteristic neuroimaging patterns, offer unique insights into the genetic and stress-related underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. This study aimed to...

    Authors: Huiling Guo, Yao Xiao, Shuai Dong, Jingyu Yang, Pengfei Zhao, Tongtong Zhao, Aoling Cai, Lili Tang, Juan Liu, Hui Wang, Ruifang Hua, Rongxun Liu, Yange Wei, Dandan Sun, Zhongchun Liu, Mingrui Xia…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The clinical translation of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for cancer management presents complex challenges. We have developed consensus-based recommendations for preclinical and clinical ass...

    Authors: Martina A. McAteer, Daniel R. McGowan, Gary J. R. Cook, Hing Y. Leung, Tony Ng, James P. B. O’Connor, Luigi Aloj, Anna Barnes, Phil J. Blower, Kevin M. Brindle, John Braun, Craig Buckley, Daniel Darian, Paul Evans, Vicky Goh, David Grainger…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. In nutrition research, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies provide complementary evidence. This meta-epidemiological study aims to evaluate the agreement of effect estimates from individual ...

    Authors: Julia Stadelmaier, Gina Bantle, Lea Gorenflo, Eva Kiesswetter, Adriani Nikolakopoulou and Lukas Schwingshackl
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Cervical cancer is a significant health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India, where it ranks fourth among women. The Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, a vital preventive measu...

    Authors: Soni Chauhan, Surya Kant Tiwari, Vishal Dubey, Pragya Tripathi, Priyanka Pandey, Anuj Singh and Narendra Pal Singh Choudhary
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. To provide estimates and trends for burdens of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) from 1990 to 2021 at the global, regional, and national levels, and to provide projections of EOCRC burden through 2030.

    Authors: Yang Meng, Zongbiao Tan, Junhai Zhen, Di Xiao, Liwei Cai, Weiguo Dong and Changzheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Pediatric obesity is a growing global health challenge, with long-term implications for individuals and healthcare systems. Existing studies on the association between pediatric obesity and healthcare use in a...

    Authors: Emilia Hagman, Vidar Halsteinli, Resthie R. Putri, Christina Hansen Edwards, Gudrun Waaler Bjørnelv, Claude Marcus and Rønnaug A. Ødegård
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Diet is a well-known determinant of mental health outcomes. However, epidemiologic evidence on salt consumption with the risk of developing depression and anxiety is still very limited. This study aimed to exa...

    Authors: Weiwei Wang, Xiaotian Chang, Feifei Lin, Lei Feng, Mengying Wang, Jie Huang and Tao Wu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The co-occurrence of diabetes and mental disorders is an exceedingly common comorbidity with poor prognosis. We aim to investigate the impact of green space, garden space, and the natural environment on the ri...

    Authors: Erxu Xue, Jianhui Zhao, Jingyu Ye, Jingjie Wu, Dandan Chen, Jing Shao, Xue Li and Zhihong Ye
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. In response to the unsustainable workload and workforce crises in primary care, paramedics (with their generalist clinical background acquired from ambulance service experience) are increasingly employed in pr...

    Authors: Georgette Eaton, Geoff Wong, Stephanie Tierney, Veronika Williams and Kamal R. Mahtani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Adverse life experiences have been associated with increased susceptibilities to psychopathology in later life. However, their impact on psychological responses following physical trauma remains largely unexpl...

    Authors: Shu Wen, Yu Zeng, Yueyao Xu, Shishi Xu, Wenwen Chen, Guanglin Wang, Wei Zhang and Huan Song
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Recent evidence from both randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in adults suggests that plasma remnant cholesterol (RC) levels predict cardiovascular disease. In children, studies are scarce, althoug...

    Authors: Ana Torres-Costoso, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Andreia Oliveira, Mairena Sánchez-López, Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Sergio Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo, Montserrat Solera-Martínez, Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Vanessa Martínez-Madrid and Arthur Eumann Mesas
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Polypharmacy (i.e., treatment with ≥ 5 drugs) is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been associated with suboptimal management and worse outcomes. Little is known about how prescribed dru...

    Authors: Bernadette Corica, Giulio Francesco Romiti, Giuseppe Boriani, Brian Olshansky, Tze-Fan Chao, Menno V. Huisman, Marco Proietti and Gregory Y. H. Lip
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Despite the well-documented immune dysregulation in both psoriasis and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), the specific link between these two autoimmune diseases has not been extensively explored. The present study aims...

    Authors: Zijian Kang, Yu Du, Ran Cui, Qian Wang, Miao Chen, Yu-Hsun Wang, James Cheng‐Chung Wei and Sheng-Ming Dai
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Cigarette smoking is posited as a potential factor in disrupting the balance of the human gut microbiota. However, existing studies with limited sample size have yielded inconclusive results.

    Authors: Jiayao Fan, Fangfang Zeng, Haili Zhong, Jun Cai, Wentao Shen, Chunxiao Cheng, Chunfeng He, Yuanjiao Liu, Yuan Zhou, Shujie Chen, Yimin Zhu, Tao Liu, Ju-Sheng Zheng, Lan Wang, Yu-Ming Chen, Wenjun Ma…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Maternal short-term outcomes of postpartum depression (PPD) were widely examined, but little is known about its long-term association with multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity) in women’s later life. This...

    Authors: Yue Zhang, Yangyang Cheng, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Yaguan Zhou, Hui Wang and Xiaolin Xu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. A new circulating biomarker superior to carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) is needed for diagnosing pancreatobiliary cancer (PBca). The aim of this study was to identify serum microRNA (miRNA) signatures compr...

    Authors: Shuichi Mitsunaga, Masafumi Ikeda, Makoto Ueno, Satoshi Kobayashi, Masahiro Tsuda, Ikuya Miki, Takamichi Kuwahara, Kazuo Hara, Yukiko Takayama, Yutaro Matsunaga, Keiji Hanada, Akinori Shimizu, Hitoshi Yoshida, Tomohiro Nomoto, Kenji Takahashi, Hidetaka Iwamoto…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2025 23:225

  18. Current research underscores the need to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to identify key targets involved in the p...

    Authors: Zhe Chen, Mingyang Tang, Nan Wang, Jiangjiang Liu, Xiaoyan Tan, Haitao Ma, Jing Luo and Kai Xie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended treatment for mild asthma. We aimed to update the evidence on the efficacy and safety of ICS-containing regimens, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA), and tiot...

    Authors: Prapaporn Pornsuriyasak, Sunatee Sa-nguansai, Kunlawat Thadanipon, Pawin Numthavaj, Gareth J. McKay, John Attia and Ammarin Thakkinstian
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. The NHS App launched in 2019 as the ‘digital front door’ to the National Health Service in England with core features including General Practitioner (GP) appointment booking, repeat prescriptions, patient acce...

    Authors: Claire Reidy, Chrysanthi Papoutsi, Sukriti KC, Bernard Gudgin, Anthony A. Laverty, Felix Greaves and John Powell
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Tecovirimat, an antiviral treatment for smallpox, was approved as a treatment for mpox by the European Medicines Agency in January 2022. Approval was granted under “exceptional circumstances” based on effectiv...

    Authors: Sara Paparini, Rosalie Hayes, Benjamin Weil, Will Nutland, Ismael Maatouk, Teodora Wi, Chloe M. Orkin and Rosamund Lewis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Maternal stress during pregnancy may impact offspring development via changes in the intrauterine environment. However, genetic and environmental factors shared between mothers and children might skew our unde...

    Authors: Ingunn Olea Lund, Laurie J. Hannigan, Helga Ask, Adrian D. Askelund, Laura Hegemann, Elizabeth C. Corfield, Robyn E. Wootton, Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh, George Davey Smith, Tom A. McAdams, Eivind Ystrom and Alexandra Havdahl
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Since older adults spend significant time in their neighborhood environment, environmental factors such as neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, high racial segregation, low healthy food availability, low a...

    Authors: Dima L. Chaar, Le Tu, Kari Moore, Jiacong Du, Lauren A Opsasnick, Scott M Ratliff, Thomas H Mosley, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Wei Zhao, Xiang Zhou, Ana V Diez Roux, Fazlay S Faruque, Kenneth R Butler and Jennifer A Smith
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Dutch adolescents predominantly purchase unhealthy snacks in supermarkets, which negatively influence their health. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and longer-term effects of a nutrition pe...

    Authors: Marlijn Huitink, Maartje P. Poelman, Jacob C. Seidell, Jos W. R. Twisk and S. Coosje Dijkstra
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. The heterogeneity of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia has been widely observed. However, reliable cognitive boundaries to differentiate the subgroups remain elusive. The key challenge for cognitive subty...

    Authors: Yuyan Huang, Weiyan Wang, Gangrui Hei, Tiannan Shao, Li Li, Ye Yang, Xiaoyi Wang, Yujun Long, Jingmei Xiao, Xingjie Peng, Chuhan Song, Jingda Cai, Xueqin Song, Xijia Xu, Shuzhan Gao, Jing Huang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Identifying clusters of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, and their associated burden may facilitate the development of effective and cost-effective targeted healthcare strat...

    Authors: Lewis Steell, Stefanie J. Krauth, Sayem Ahmed, Grace O. Dibben, Emma McIntosh, Peter Hanlon, Jim Lewsey, Barbara I. Nicholl, David A. McAllister, Susan M. Smith, Rachael Evans, Zahira Ahmed, Sarah Dean, Colin Greaves, Shaun Barber, Patrick Doherty…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Dystonia is a common neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder that can be caused by mutations in anoctamin 3 (ANO3, TMEM16C), a phospholipid scramblase and ion channel. We previously reported patients that ...

    Authors: Jiraporn Ousingsawat, Khaoula Talbi, Hilario Gómez-Martín, Anne Koy, Alberto Fernández-Jaén, Hasan Tekgül, Esra Serdaroğlu, Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar, Rainer Schreiber and Karl Kunzelmann
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has surged, with an estimated 1 in 36 eight-year-olds in the United States meeting criteria for ASD in 2020. Autistic individuals face elevated rates of co-occu...

    Authors: Mariah A. Manter, Kirstin B. Birtwell, James Bath, Nora D. B. Friedman, Christopher J. Keary, Ann M. Neumeyer, Michelle L. Palumbo, Robyn P. Thom, Emily Stonestreet, Hannah Brooks, Kelly Dakin, Jacob M. Hooker and Christopher J. McDougle
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:11
    Content type: Guideline Published on:

  31. Over the past decades, the prevalence of obesity among adults has rapidly increased, particularly in socioeconomically deprived urban neighbourhoods. To better understand the complex mechanisms behind this tre...

    Authors: Fleur ter Ellen, Joost Oude Groeniger, Karien Stronks, Luc L. Hagenaars, Carlijn B.M. Kamphuis, Joreintje D. Mackenbach, Mariëlle A. Beenackers, Karen Freijer, Pieter Coenen, Maartje Poelman, Karen M. Oude Hengel and Frank J. van Lenthe
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Despite the approval of promising targeted therapy such as bevacizumab and PARP inhibitors, 5-year survival has not improved significantly. Thus...

    Authors: Julia Hillmann, Nicolai Maass, Dirk O. Bauerschlag and Inken Flörkemeier
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:10
    Content type: Review Published on:

  33. Authors: Maria C. Magnus, Yunsung Lee, Ellen Ø. Carlsen, Lise A. Arge, Astanand Jugessur, Liv G. Kvalvik, Nils-Halvdan Morken, Cecilia H. Ramlau-Hansen, Mikko Myrskylä, Per Magnus and Siri E. Håberg
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:9
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2024 22:554

  34. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffered from an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this multi-center prospective study, we aimed to determine the association between antiphospholi...

    Authors: Can Huang, Yufang Ding, Zhen Chen, Lijun Wu, Wei Wei, Cheng Zhao, Min Yang, Shudian Lin, Qian Wang, Xinping Tian, Jiuliang Zhao, Mengtao Li and Xiaofeng Zeng
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Maternal stress is a potential factor affecting fetal growth, but it is unknown whether it directly affects fetal growth restriction. This study aims to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy matern...

    Authors: Manman Chen, Qiongjie Zhou, Yuanyuan Li, Qu Lu, Anying Bai, Fangyi Ruan, Yandan Liu, Yu Jiang and Xiaotian Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. The benefits of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute minor stroke remain controversial. For the aim of providing a better therapeutic strategy, high-quality trials are required to validate the effic...

    Authors: Yongli Tao, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Yafang Xu, Chenyang Jiang, Kai Liu, Hui Fang, Lulu Pei, Xin Wang, Rui Zhang, Jun Wu, Jing Yang, Xinsheng Han, Hongling Guo, Baoguo Xue, Jinlou Li…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. We aimed to identify specific multimorbidity latent classes among multi-ethnic community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 18 years in Malaysia. We further explored the risk factors associated with these patterns and exa...

    Authors: Michelle M. C. Tan, Charlotte Hanlon, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Tatiana Benaglia, Roshidi Ismail, Devi Mohan, Ann Breeze Joseph Konkoth, Daniel Reidpath, Pedro José M. Rebello Pinho, Pascale Allotey, Zaid Kassim, Matthew Prina and Tin Tin Su
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Obesity particularly during childhood is considered a global public health crisis and has been linked with later life health consequences including mental health. However, there is lack of causal understanding...

    Authors: Sweta Pathak, Tom G. Richardson, Eleanor Sanderson, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Laxmi Bhatta and Ben M. Brumpton
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85% of cases with rising incidence among never-smokers (NS). This study seeks to compare clinical, imagi...

    Authors: Jeremy R. Burt, Naim Qaqish, Greg Stoddard, Amani Jridi, Parker Sage Anderson, Lacey Woods, Anna Newman, Malorie R. Carter, Reham Ellessy, Jordan Chamberlin and Ismail Kabakus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Palliative sedation involves the intentional proportional lowering of the level of consciousness in patients with life-limiting disease who are experiencing refractory suffering. The efficacy of palliative sed...

    Authors: Maaike Rijpstra, Kris Vissers, Alazne Belar, Michael Van der Elst, Séverine Marie Surges, Claudio Adile, Rocío Rojí, Yasmine Grassi, Ewald Bronkhorst, Sebastiano Mercadante, Lukas Radbruch, Johan Menten, Carlos Centeno, Evelien Kuip and Jeroen Hasselaar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:608
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Pulmonary function is increasingly recognized as a key factor in metabolic diseases. However, its link to gout risk remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function a...

    Authors: Zijian Kang, Jianzheng Zhang, Chen Zhu, Ying Zhu, Hanlei Jiang, Qiang Tong and Sheng-Ming Dai
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:606
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is recommended for patients with KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) leukemia whereas relapse remains high. We aimed to determine whether intensified condi...

    Authors: Zhongli Hu, Zinan Feng, Shiqi Liu, Hai He, Ying Dong, Zhiping Fan, Yiqing Li, Fen Huang, Na Xu, Can Liu, Yunxin Zeng, Ping Zhu, Ren Lin, Hua Jin, Xiong Zhang, Ruijuan Sun…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:605
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Retinoblastoma (RB), an aggressive intraocular malignancy, significantly adds to the global disease burden in early childhood. This study offers insights into the global burden of retinoblastoma (RB) in childr...

    Authors: Cong Li, Lijun Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jinghua Jiao, Guangyao Hua, Yan Wang, Xue He, Chingyu Cheng, Honghua Yu, Xiaohong Yang and Lei Liu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:604
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. The proliferation capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is very limited in the normal adult mammalian heart. Previous studies implied that cardiomyocyte proliferation increases after injury stimulation, but the res...

    Authors: Ya Liu, Lingyan Liu, Pengcheng Zhuang, Jiamin Zou, Xiaokang Chen, Hao Wu, Bingjun Lu and Wei Eric Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:603
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Unhealthy visual food cues in outdoor public spaces are external drivers of unhealthy diets. Food cues are visible situations associated with food-related memories. This study aimed to gain insight into the (u...

    Authors: Tamika M. Wopereis, Sanne K. Djojosoeparto, Frédérique C. Rongen, Sanne C. Peeters, Emely de Vet and Maartje P. Poelman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:602
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Risk prediction models can identify individuals at high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD), but there is limited evidence on the performance of various models in diverse populations. We aimed to systematicall...

    Authors: Xue Cong, Shuyao Song, Yingtao Li, Kaiyang Song, Cameron MacLeod, Yujie Cheng, Jun Lv, Canqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Iona Millwood, Shukuan Wu, Xiaoming Yang, Rebecca Stevens…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:601
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Despite an urgent need for multi-domain lifestyle interventions to reduce dementia risk, there is a lack of interventions which are informed by theory- and evidence-based behaviour change strategies, and no in...

    Authors: A. Jennings, O. M. Shannon, R. Gillings, V. Lee, R. Elsworthy, R. Bundy, G. Rao, S. Hanson, W. Hardeman, S-M. Paddick, M. Siervo, S. Aldred, J. C. Mathers, M. Hornberger and A. M. Minihane
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:600
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection is typically acquired in childhood and persists throughout life. The major impediment to successful therapy is anti...

    Authors: Aryan Salahi-Niri, Ali Nabavi-Rad, Tanya Marie Monaghan, Theodore Rokkas, Michael Doulberis, Amir Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Zali, Yoshio Yamaoka, Evelina Tacconelli and Abbas Yadegar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:598
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with an older alternative, warfarin using primary care data in the United Kingdom (UK). However, ...

    Authors: Zixuan Wang, Julian Matthewman, John Tazare, Qiuyan Yu, Ka Shing Cheung, Celine S. L. Chui, Esther W. Y. Chan, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Liam Smeeth, Ian C. K. Wong, Ian J. Douglas and Angel Y. S. Wong
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2024 22:597
    Content type: Research Published on:
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