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  1. Mortality from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains high due to late diagnosis, and the rate of timely diagnosis remains low (< 10% globally and < 1% in China). Early screening and treatment could signif...

    Authors: Rui Meng, Fenghao Shi, Baoming Zhang, Chao Li, Jinyan Wang, Lingqin Song, Lei Zhang and Mingwang Shen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:139
  2. The primary challenges in CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CD19 CAR T) therapy for patients with refractory/relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL) are non-response and relapse;...

    Authors: Jinli Zhu, Ji Zhou, Xue Liang, Furun An, Yangyang Ding, Xunyi Jiao, Meng Xiao, Fan Wu, Yingwei Li, Hao Xiao, Ying Pan, Huiping Wang and Zhimin Zhai
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:138
  3. In general, traditional antidepressants often have limited efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Agomelatine, as an antidepressant with a different mechanism of action, might have adjuncti...

    Authors: Yumeng Ju, Wenwen Ou, Haoran Chen, Limin Yang, Yan Long, Hui Liang, Zhenman Xi, Mei Huang, Wentao Chen, Guanyi Lv, Fangzhou Shao, Bangshan Liu, Jin Liu, Zexuan Li, Mei Liao, Weiye Liang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:137
  4. Indonesia faces challenges in achieving its goal of eliminating malaria by 2030, with cases stagnating between 2015 and 2019. This study analysed regional epidemiological trends and demographic changes in mala...

    Authors: Bimandra A. Djaafara, Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Thomas S. Churcher, Sri Budi Fajariyani, Hellen Dewi Prameswari, Herdiana Herdiana, Riskha Tiara Puspadewi, Karina D. Lestari, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar and Patrick G. T. Walker
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:136
  5. Approximately 10–30% of individuals continue to experience symptoms classified as post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 (PASC)). PASC is a multisystem condition primarily characterized by r...

    Authors: Huqin Yang, Lujia Guan, Yi Xue, Xuyan Li, Leyi Gao, Zhijin Zhang, Haifan Zhang, Haomiao Ma, Fengjiao Liu, Xuan Huang, Zhaohui Tong and Jieqiong Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:134
  6. Comorbidity between depression and cardiometabolic diseases is an emerging health concern, with childhood maltreatment as a major risk factor. These conditions are also linked to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours...

    Authors: Olujolagbe Layinka, Camille Souama, Serena Defina, Vilte Baltramonaityte, Charlotte A. M. Cecil, Punit Shah, Yuri Milaneschi, Femke Lamers, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx and Esther Walton
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:133
  7. Confounder adjustment is critical for accurate causal inference in observational studies. However, the appropriateness of methods for confounder adjustment in studies investigating multiple risk factors, where...

    Authors: Yinyan Gao, Linghui Xiang, Hang Yi, Jinlu Song, Dingkui Sun, Boya Xu, Guochao Zhang and Irene Xinyin Wu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:132
  8. The increasing prevalence of retracted publications in stem cell research presents significant challenges to scientific integrity. Although retraction notices are issued, retracted studies continue to be cited...

    Authors: Fei Song, Binghuo Wu, Gang Wei, Songtao Cheng, Lichao Wei, Wei Xiong and De Luo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:131
  9. The relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and progression of diastolic dysfunction (DD) during longitudinal follow-up is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and progression o...

    Authors: Ki Hong Choi, Danbee Kang, Seung Hun Lee, Darae Kim, Sung Won Cho, Soo-Hee Choi, Taek Kyu Park, Joo Myung Lee, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Soo Jin Cho and Jeong Hoon Yang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:130
  10. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can be a source of significant distress for both pregnant women and the fetus, impairing the quality of life and well-being of pregnant women, leading to psychologic...

    Authors: Ali Jamshidi Kerachi, Mohammad Amin Shahlaee, Pardis Habibi, Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi, Moein Ala and Alireza Sadeghi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:129
  11. Diagnostic screenings for vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions (VSIL) are limited and without information on disease trends. A panel of six methylation markers (ASTN1, DLX1, ITGA4, RXFP3, SOX17, ZNF671; Gyn...

    Authors: Sabeth Becker, Lena Dübbel, Dana Behrens, Kristin Knoll, Juliane Hippe, Karin Loser, Eduard Malik and Meike Schild-Suhren
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:128
  12. Early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is crucial for improving patient outcomes, yet remains a significant global challenge. This challenge may be ameliorated through the application of artificial intelligen...

    Authors: Ya Ma, Yuancheng Yang, Yuxin Du, Luyang Jin, Baoyu Liang, Yuqi Zhang, Yedi Wang, Luyu Liu, Zijian Zhang, Zelong Jin, Zhimin Qiu, Mao Ye, Zhengrong Wang and Chao Tong
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:127
  13. Immunotherapy has been confirmed efficient in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its role in the locoregionally advanced setting is undetermined. Previous evidence in non-endemic areas...

    Authors: Zhongqiu Wang, Yao Sun, Qingxin Wang, Yanlan Chai, Jian Sun, Ximei Zhang, Qi Wang, Wei Wang and Peiguo Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:126
  14. Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced frailty and lower mortality rates among middle-aged and older adults. However, the extent to which total PA volume and specific PA intensities are associated w...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Liangkai Chen and Filippos T. Filippidis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:125
  15. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by disrupted bone homeostasis. This study investigated the effect and underlying mechanisms of one-carbon metabolism enzyme methylenetetr...

    Authors: Yujing Li, Minglong Cai, Yi Qin, Xiaojuan Dai, Liyuan Liang, Zhenyu Li, Xi Wen, Huizhi Jin, Chao Yang and Zhu Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:124
  16. Thyroid hormone (TH) sensitivity at type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset and its connection with acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate changes in TH sensitivity in children...

    Authors: Stefano Guarino, Valeria Calcaterra, Anna Di Sessa, Lucia Labati, Maria Maddalena Marrapodi, Anna Grandone, Angela Zanfardino, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Dario Iafusco, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice and Pierluigi Marzuillo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:123
  17. Sleep, physical activity, and nutrition (SPAN) are critical behaviours for health, although they have traditionally been studied separately. We examined the combined associations of SPAN and the minimum betwee...

    Authors: Emmanuel Stamatakis, Nicholas A. Koemel, Raaj K. Biswas, Matthew N. Ahmadi, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Stewart G. Trost, Elif Inan-Eroglu, Borja del Pozo Cruz, Yu Sun Bin, Svetlana Postnova, Mitch J. Duncan, Dorothea Dumuid, Helen Brown, Carol Maher, Luigi Fontana, Stephen Simpson…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:111
  18. Tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution are related to the treatment resistance and disease progression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the process of clonal evolution and their relationship to pr...

    Authors: Dan Lv, Bo Lan, Qihan Guo, Zongbi Yi, Haili Qian, Yanfang Guan, Xuenan Peng, Ting Chen and Fei Ma
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:122
  19. It remains unclear whether anti-hypertensive medication use is associated with cognitive aging in general Chinese middle-aged and older adults, as well as the interplay with socioeconomic status (SES). We aim ...

    Authors: Chenglong Li, Daijun He, Yufan Liu, Chao Yang and Luxia Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:121
  20. Although premature aging is a significant concern in adult survivors of childhood cancer, little is known about the role of diet in premature aging in this vulnerable population. Therefore, we examined whether...

    Authors: Tuo Lan, Mei Wang, AnnaLynn M. Williams, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Shu Jiang, Kevin R. Krull, Gregory T. Armstrong, Melissa M. Hudson, Graham A. Colditz, Leslie L. Robison, Kirsten K. Ness and Yikyung Park
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:120
  21. Exposure to general anesthetics (GA) in early childhood is associated with developmental disorders. However, few studies have addressed in-utero exposure to anesthetics during delivery and subsequent developme...

    Authors: Yi-Chen Chen, Fu-Wen Liang, Ping-Heng Tan, Chung-Han Ho, Ying-Jen Chang, Kuo-Chuan Hung, Jen-Yin Chen and Chia-Hung Yu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:119
  22. Sensory impairments (SI), including vision (VI), hearing (HI), and dual sensory impairments (DSI), are prevalent with aging, but their impact on disease risk remains unclear. This study investigates the epidem...

    Authors: Yaoling Wang, Fang Cheng, Niuniu Hou, Yuting Tan, Shaomin Zhang, Yanbing Hou, Wen Guo, Jin Peng, Wei Li and Jinhui Wu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:118
  23. Antibiotic therapy (ABT)-induced dysbiosis may affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy. We investigated the association between ABT and real-world overall survival (rwOS) and progress...

    Authors: Avery Braun, Mengying Deng, Jill S. Hasler, Laura Bukavina, Elizabeth Handorf and Philip H. Abbosh
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:117
  24. This study forecasts total and cause-specific health expenditures in Norway to 2050 and quantifies the contribution of four key drivers—total population growth, population aging, changes in disease prevalence,...

    Authors: Jonas Minet Kinge, Henning Øien, Joseph L. Dieleman, Bjørn-Atle Reme, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Geir Godager, Geir Selbæk, Jan C. Frich, Enis Barış, Christopher J. L. Murray and Stein Emil Vollset
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:116
  25. Tobacco industry activities and reduced smoking prevalence can foster under-appreciation of risks and under-investment in tobacco control. Reliable evidence on contemporary smoking impacts, including cause-spe...

    Authors: Grace Joshy, Kay Soga, Katherine A. Thurber, Sam Egger, Marianne F. Weber, Peter Sarich, Jennifer Welsh, Rosemary J. Korda, Amelia Yazidjoglou, Mai T H Nguyen, Ellie Paige, Michelle Gourley, Karen Canfell and Emily Banks
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:115
  26. Dementia is associated with psychiatric symptoms but the effects of antidepressants on cognitive function in dementia are understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between antidepressants and cogni...

    Authors: Minjia Mo, Tamar Abzhandadze, Minh Tuan Hoang, Simona Sacuiu, Pol Grau Jurado, Joana B. Pereira, Luana Naia, Julianna Kele, Silvia Maioli, Hong Xu, Maria Eriksdotter and Sara Garcia-Ptacek
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:82
  27. Respiratory distress is the main reason for the admission of infants to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Rapid identification of the causes of respiratory distress and selection of appropriate and effe...

    Authors: Jing Liu, Riccardo Inchingolo, Pradeep Suryawanshi, Bin-Bin Guo, Dalibor Kurepa, Rafael González Cortés, Wei Yan, Jing-Han Chi, Cecilia M. Acosta, Mateusz Jagła, Deepak Sharma, Erich Sorantin, Kai-Sheng Hsieh, Giulia Graziani, Bruna Malta, Patricia Woods…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:114
  28. Systemic nutrition and inflammation status is recognized for its influence on cancer survival, yet its role in perioperative outcomes remains poorly defined. This study aimed to refine the assessment of system...

    Authors: Peiyu Wang, Shaodong Wang, Qi Huang, Xiankai Chen, Yongkui Yu, Ruixiang Zhang, Mantang Qiu, Yin Li, Xue Pan, Xiao Li and Xiangnan Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:113
  29. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs) have a higher risk of early mortality. However, little is known about their long-term outcomes, especiall...

    Authors: Zaixin Jiang, Haiwei Liu, Miaohan Qiu, Jing Li, Wei Zhao, Donghong Zhang, Daoshen Liu, Kun Na, Yi Li and Yaling Han
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:112
  30. Demonstrating mortality reduction in new colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs through randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is challenging. We systematically reviewed single-round program performance outcome...

    Authors: Teruhiko Terasawa, Toshihiro Tadano, Koichiro Abe, Seiju Sasaki, Satoyo Hosono, Takafumi Katayama, Keika Hoshi, Tomio Nakayama and Chisato Hamashima
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:110
  31. Processed packaged foods are readily available in Fiji; however, the extent to which ultra-processed foods (UPFs) currently contribute to energy and nutrient intake is unknown. This study aimed to assess the c...

    Authors: Aliyah Palu, Joseph Alvin Santos, Daisy Coyle, Maria Shahid, Juliette Crowther, Gade Waqa, Colin Bell, Jacqui Webster and Briar McKenzie
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:109
  32. Postoperative delirium is the most common complication in older patients and is associated with surgery-induced inflammation. Although inflammation plays a key role in delirium, the potential benefits of a com...

    Authors: Ayixia Nawan, Zilong Wu, Bailin Jiang, Geng Wang, Wenchao Zhang and Yi Feng
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:108
  33. Smartphone screen time has risen sharply in recent years. Even though an association between smartphone use and mental health is well documented, it is still unclear whether this is simply a correlation or cau...

    Authors: Christoph Pieh, Elke Humer, Andreas Hoenigl, Julia Schwab, Doris Mayerhofer, Rachel Dale and Katja Haider
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:107
  34. Cardiometabolic disorders are the leading cause of mortality and contribute substantially to the First Nations Health Gap in Australia. Central obesity is the major contributor to metabolic syndrome. We invest...

    Authors: Kedir Y. Ahmed, Utpal K. Mondal, M. Mamun Huda, Setognal B. Aychiluhm, Jamie Newman, Subash Thapa, Peter Gibbs, Shakeel Mahmood, Feleke H. Astawesegn, Anayochukwu E. Anyasodor and Allen G. Ross
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:106
  35. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with obstetrical and fetal complications, such as prematurity. However, whether its management by levothyroxine affects the risk of prematurity is not yet clear.

    Authors: Maya Laham, Odile Sheehy and Anick Bérard
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:105
  36. Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation with a high short-term mortality rate. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) can independently predict the 90-day mortality of patients w...

    Authors: Yingli He, Xiaoli Zhang, Yichen Yao, Juan Li, Shan Fu, Yali Feng, Tianzhi Ni, Ruojing Wang, Qiao Zhang, Yushan Liu, Zhijun Liu, Jinfeng Liu, Yuan Yang, Yingren Zhao and Yalei Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:104
  37. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a debilitating disorder affecting 4–9% of the global population. It is a multifaceted disorder with complex and varied causes. This review aims to consolidate the evidence reg...

    Authors: Farisah Sulaimi, Timothy Sheng Khai Ong, Ansel Shao Pin Tang, Jingxuan Quek, Renish M. Pillay, Damien Tianle Low, Charisse Kai Ling Lee, Kewin Tien Ho Siah and Qin Xiang Ng
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:103
  38. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, and RSVpreF, a maternal vaccine, are newly approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylactics for infants in Canada. Both have the potential to expand preve...

    Authors: Samara Bugden, Shweta Mital and Hai V. Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:102
  39. Infrared molecular fingerprinting has been identified as a new minimally invasive technological tool for disease diagnosis. While the utility of cross-molecular infrared fingerprints of serum and plasma for in...

    Authors: Kosmas V. Kepesidis, Mircea-Gabriel Stoleriu, Nico Feiler, Lea Gigou, Frank Fleischmann, Jacqueline Aschauer, Sabine Eiselen, Ina Koch, Niels Reinmuth, Amanda Tufman, Jürgen Behr and Mihaela Žigman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:101

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2025 23:168

  40. Appropriate complementary feeding practices (CFPs) play a key role for ensuring optimal health, growth and development for children 6–23 months. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and as...

    Authors: Thuy Ngoc Vuong and Hang Thi Diem Tran
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:100
  41. Uterine serous carcinoma and carcinosarcoma are aggressive forms of endometrial cancer with poor survival outcomes. Trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-directed monoclonal antibody, ...

    Authors: Ting-Fang Lu, Lou Sun, Yu-Hsiang Shih, Yen-Fu Chen, Chun-Ting Fan, Shao-Jing Wang, Shih-Tien Hsu, Chih-Ku Liu, Sheau-Feng Hwang and Chien-Hsing Lu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:99
  42. Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) has a high recurrence rate, making the prediction of recurrence after surgery critically important.

    Authors: Xu Liu, Qifeng Xiao, Zongting Gu, Xin Wu, Chunhui Yuan, Xiaolong Tang, Fanbin Meng, Dong Wang, Ren Lang, Kaiqing Guo, Xiaodong Tian, Yu Zhang, Enhong Zhao, Zhenzhou Wu, Jingyong Xu, Ying Xing…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:98
  43. Early detection of cancer can help patients with more effective treatments and result in better prognosis. Unfortunately, established cancer screening technologies are limited for use, especially for multi-can...

    Authors: Yuxiang Lin, Qiyi Zhang, Hanxi Chen, Shuhang Liu, Kaiming Peng, Xiaojie Wang, Liyong Zhang, Jun Huang, Xiuqing Yan, Xueliang Lin, Uddin M. D. Hasan, Mahabub Sarwara, Fangmeng Fu, Shangyuan Feng and Chuan Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:97
  44. The communication of health and risk information is an integral part of patient-physician interaction. Effective communication of risk information for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has been shown to imp...

    Authors: Aloysius Wei-Yan Chia, Winnie Li-Lian Teo, Sanchalika Acharyya, Yasmin Lynda Munro and Rinkoo Dalan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:96
  45. Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune condition characterized by an aberrant immune response triggered by the ingestion of gluten, which damages epithelial cells lining the small intestine. Small intestinal ep...

    Authors: Chloe V. McCreery, Drew Alessi, Katarina Mollo, Alessio Fasano and Ali R. Zomorrodi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:95
  46. This study aimed to determine whether associations of antenatal maternal anaemia with smaller corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, and putamen volumes previously described in children at age 2–3 years persisted t...

    Authors: Jessica E. Ringshaw, Chanelle J. Hendrikse, Catherine J. Wedderburn, Layla E. Bradford, Simone R. Williams, Charmaine N. Nyakonda, Sivenesi Subramoney, Marilyn T. Lake, Tiffany Burd, Nadia Hoffman, Annerine Roos, Katherine L. Narr, Shantanu H. Joshi, Steven C. R. Williams, Heather J. Zar, Dan J. Stein…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:94
  47. This study explored whether the prospective associations between muscle strength and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) differ by varying levels of genetic susceptibility to T2D.

    Authors: Mengyao Wang, Paul James Collings, Haeyoon Jang, Ziyuan Chen, Qiaoxin Shi, Hin Sheung Ho, Shan Luo, Shiu Lun Au Yeung and Youngwon Kim
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:93
  48. Authors: Hadar Klein, Hila Zelicha, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Ehud Rinott, Gal Tsaban, Alon Kaplan, Yoash Chassidim, Yftach Gepner, Matthias Blüher, Uta Ceglarek, Berend Isermann, Michael Stumvoll, Ilan Shelef, Lu Qi, Jun Li, Frank B. Hu…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:92

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2025 23:57

  49. Non-invasive multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests have shown promise in enhancing early cancer detection. However, their clinical utility across diverse populations remains underexplored, limiting their r...

    Authors: Luu Hong Dang Nguyen, Thi Hue Hanh Nguyen, Van Hoi Le, Vinh Quang Bui, Lan Hieu Nguyen, Nhu Hiep Pham, Thanh Hai Phan, Huu Thinh Nguyen, Van Song Tran, Chi Viet Bui, Van Kha Vo, Pham Thanh Nhan Nguyen, Ha Huu Phuoc Dang, Van Dung Pham, Van Thinh Cao, Ngoc Minh Phan…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:90
  50. Cryoablation plays a key role in the comprehensive management of lung adenocarcinoma, characterized by its ability to activate antitumor immunity. This study aimed to explore the impact of cryoablation on the ...

    Authors: Shicheng Lin, Dianna Liu, Tianyu Liang, Yaoxue Zhuang, Xiaofan Wang, Shengmao Ma, Quanwang Li and Kaiwen Hu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:89