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  1. Women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs; gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes (GD), preterm birth (PTB), small or large for gestational age, miscarriage, multiple mis...

    Authors: Kate Birnie, Laura D. Howe, Timothy Jones, Paul Madley-Dowd, Florence Z. Martin, Harriet Forbes, Maria Theresa Redaniel, Rosie Cornish, Maria C. Magnus, Neil M. Davies, Kate Tilling, Alun D. Hughes, Deborah A. Lawlor and Abigail Fraser
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. In parts of Africa, women who become widowed lose housing, bank accounts, and other property and must re-marry to avoid extreme poverty. To re-marry, some women are required to undergo widow “cleansing”—condom...

    Authors: Duncan K. Gathungu, Viona N. Ojiambo, Mark E. Kimathi, David Kaftan, Hae-Young Kim, Daniel T. Citron, Ingrida Platais, Daniel Briedenbecker, Clark Kirkman IV, Samuel M. Mwalili and Anna Bershteyn
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:88
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. To explore whether healthy lifestyle factors (HLFs) predict a lower risk of major macrovascular and microvascular events and death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a high risk of vascular complications.

    Authors: Shoujiang You, Danni Zheng, Yanan Wang, Qiang Li, Tu N. Nguyen, Ruth Peters, Xiaoying Chen, Xia Wang, Yongjun Cao, Diederick E. Grobbee, Stephen Harrap, Giuseppe Mancia, Bryan Williams, Neil R. Poulter, Liu Lisheng, Michel Marre…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:87
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a significant global health concern with outbreaks worldwide. While MPXV is primarily known for its dermatological and systemic manifestations, it can also cause central n...

    Authors: Shramana Deb, Ritwick Mondal, Purbita Sen, Dipanjan Chowdhury, Shramana Sarkar, Granthik Banerjee, Vramanti Sarkar, Anjan Chowdhury and Julián Benito-León
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. A disco matanga, or “disco funeral,” is a celebration of a decedent’s life that is culturally important in parts Africa, often involving overnight travel and alcohol consumption. These are known risk factors for ...

    Authors: Samuel M. Mwalili, Duncan K. Gathungu, Josiline Chemutai, Evalyne Musyoka, Daniel Bridenbecker, Clark Kirkman IV, David Kaftan, Hae-Young Kim, Ingrida Platais and Anna Bershteyn
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:85
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Early identification and management of sight-threatening ocular complications of diabetes using imaging or molecular biomarkers could help prevent vision loss. However, access to specialized infrastructure and...

    Authors: Mya Polkamp, Nhan H. T. Pham, Wilson K. M. Wong, Hrishikesh P. Hardikar, Pooja S. Kunte, Morven A. Cameron, Anandwardhan A. Hardikar and Mugdha V. Joglekar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:84
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. Authors: Xue Zhang, Xin Dai, Aina Liu, Meili Sun, Lei Cong, Jing Liang, Zimin Liu, Zhen Li, Jinling Zhang, Jing Lv, Fangli Cao, Linli Qu, Haiyan Liu, Lu Yue, Yi Zhai, Fujun Yang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:83
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2024 22:585

  8. Harmonizing core outcome domains allows for pooling data, comparing interventions, and streamlining research evaluation. At the same time clinicians require concise and feasible measures for routine practice. ...

    Authors: Stefan Salzmann, Lars de Vroege, Petra Engelmann, Per Fink, Susanne Fischer, Stephan Frisch, Lise Kirstine Gormsen, Katharina Hüfner, Willem J. Kop, Ferenc Köteles, Nadine Lehnen, Bernd Löwe, Christoph Pieh, Victor Pitron, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask, Markku Sainio…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:81
    Content type: Guideline Published on:

  9. Preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with hypertension is essential, but it remains uncertain whether optimizing modifiable factors can eliminate the excess CVD risk associated with new-onset hype...

    Authors: Shouling Wu, Yanxiu Wang, Jiangshui Wang, Jun Feng, Furong Li, Liming Lin, Chunyu Ruan, Zhifang Nie, Jinwei Tian and Cheng Jin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a frequent complication in patients with sepsis and is associated with high mortality. Therefore, early recognition of SA-AKI is essential for administering su...

    Authors: Pengfei Huang, Yanqi Liu, Yue Li, Yu Xin, Chuanchuan Nan, Yinghao Luo, Yating Feng, Nana Jin, Yahui Peng, Dawei Wang, Yang Zhou, Feiyu Luan, Xinran Wang, Xibo Wang, Hongxu Li, Yuxin Zhou…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2025 23:143

  11. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), potentially driven by shared metabolic mechanisms. Metabolic perturbations associated wit...

    Authors: Louise E. van Eekeren, Nadira Vadaq, Marc J. T. Blaauw, Albert L. Groenendijk, Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos, Erni J. Nelwan, Annelies Verbon, Janneke E. Stalenhoef, Marvin A. H. Berrevoets, Jan van Lunzen, Mihai G. Netea, Gert Weijers, Niels P. Riksen, Joost H. W. Rutten, Quirijn de Mast, Eric T. T. L. Tjwa…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has developed rapidly and been increasingly used in scholarly publishing, so it is urgent to examine guidelines for its usage. This cross-sectional study aims to examin...

    Authors: Shuhui Yin, Simu Huang, Peng Xue, Zhuoran Xu, Zi Lian, Chenfei Ye, Siyuan Ma, Mingxuan Liu, Yuanjia Hu, Peiyi Lu and Chihua Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have a high potential for serious adverse drug reactions, but real-world evidence in European patient cohorts is lacking. Therefore, we aim to examine the association between fluoro...

    Authors: Julia Wicherski, Jonas Peltner, Cornelia Becker, Katrin Schüssel, Gabriela Brückner, Andreas Schlotmann, Helmut Schröder, Winfried V. Kern and Britta Haenisch
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and osteoporosis (OP) are global health concerns, with higher prevalence observed in women compared to men. However, the impact of HPV infection on bone health remains unce...

    Authors: Xiang Li, Guangjun Jiao and Yunzhen Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. High systolic blood pressure (HSBP) can cause adverse cardiovascular events and is therefore associated with a heavy global disease burden. However, this disease burden is poorly understood in youth and young ...

    Authors: Chuan He, Saien Lu, Haijie Yu, Yingxian Sun and Xueyao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Associations of anxiety disorder and depression with coronary artery disease (CAD) are heterogeneous between populations. This study investigated how genetic susceptibility to CAD alters these associations wit...

    Authors: Shinya Nakada, Joey Ward, Rona J. Strawbridge, Paul Welsh, Carlos Celis-Morales, Frederick K. Ho and Jill P. Pell
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Nervous system toxicity (NST) is a frequent and serious adverse event (AE) associated with blinatumomab, the first bispecific antibody drug targeting CD19 and CD3. Real-world data are needed to better understa...

    Authors: Wen Gao, Jingwei Yu, Yifei Sun, Zheng Song, Xia Liu, Xue Han, Lanfan Li, Lihua Qiu, Shiyong Zhou, Zhengzi Qian, Xianhuo Wang and Huilai Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) represents an important precancerous lesion in intestinal-type gastric cancer, triggered by persistent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In a previous study, we unveil...

    Authors: Shuwen Zheng, Yingying Wang, Chuxuan Ni, Rui Guo, Xunan Qiu, Jijun Chen, Lu Wang, Xiaohu Sun, Moye Chen, Yunen Liu, Yuan Yuan and Yuehua Gong
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Postpartum maternal depression and socioeconomic factors are established risk factors for the mental health of offspring. It has been consistently unclear as to whether female or male offspring are more vulner...

    Authors: Yang Geng, Wenlan Liu, Zhiying Yu, Hui Zhang, Yun Li and Weihua Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Following non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) lifting in 2021, an important surge in childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was reported in several countries, raising major concerns about the m...

    Authors: Inès Fafi, Zein Assad, Léa Lenglart, Zaba Valtuille, Florentia Kaguelidou, Camille Aupiais, Aurélie Bourmaud, Alexis Rybak, Stéphane Bechet, Corinne Levy, Robert Cohen, Bruno Frandji, Andreas Werner, François Angoulvant, Romain Basmaci and Naïm Ouldali
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:66
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Antenatal steroid (ANS) therapy is given to women at risk of preterm delivery to accelerate fetal lung maturation. However, the benefit of ANS therapy is variable and how maternal and fetal factors contribute ...

    Authors: Erin L. Fee, Haruo Usuda, Sean W. D. Carter, Hideyuki Ikeda, Tsukasa Takahashi, Yuki Takahashi, Yusaku Kumagai, Michael W. Clarke, Demelza J. Ireland, John P. Newnham, Masatoshi Saito, Sebastian E. Illanes, Binny Priya Sesurajan, Liang Shen, Mahesh A. Choolani, Gokce Oguz…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Needle procedures, such as vaccinations, blood draws, and intravenous cannulation, are the most frequent source of childhood pain, causing fear and reducing the uptake of medical procedures. Every child has th...

    Authors: Rebeccah Slater, Suellen Walker, Christopher Eccleston, Carlo Bellieni, Tanvi Hirekodi, Ricardo Carbajal, Lucinda Smart, William Laughey, Maria M. Cobo and Stefan Friedrichsdorf
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:64
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  26. Urgent care centers (UCCs) are a growing segment of healthcare with high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use. MeMed BV® (MMBV) is a blood test that differentiates bacterial from viral infections. Between Apr...

    Authors: Boaz Kalmovich, Daniella Rahamim-Cohen, Ilan Yehoshua, Sara Kivity, Noam Orvieto and Shirley Shapiro Ben David
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Aging is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but individuals of the same chronological age may vary in their biological aging rate. The associations of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), a...

    Authors: Lulu Pan, Yahang Liu, Chen Huang, Yifang Huang, Ruilang Lin, Kecheng Wei, Ye Yao, Guoyou Qin and Yongfu Yu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease requiring initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are frequently asked to enact complex management plans. Treatment burden has been defined as the effect of...

    Authors: Catrin Jones, Ross Cairns, Heather Walker, Silje Welsh, Benjamin Edgar, Karen Stevenson, Bhautesh D. Jani, Patrick B. Mark, David Kingsmore and Katie I. Gallacher
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Long-COVID is defined as the persistency or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation. Common pers...

    Authors: Andrea Polli, Lode Godderis, Dries S. Martens, Madhura Shekhar Patil, Jolien Hendrix, Arne Wyns, Jente Van Campenhout, Emma Richter, Lara Fanning, Olivia Vandekerckhove, Eveline Claeys, Wim Janssens and Natalie Lorent
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) correlate with tumour prognosis and immunotherapy responses in gastric cancer (GC) studies. However, understanding the complex and diverse immune microenvironment within TLS ...

    Authors: Yi Xie, Haoxin Peng, Yajie Hu, Keren Jia, Jiajia Yuan, Dan Liu, Yanyan Li, Xujiao Feng, Jian Li, Xiaotian Zhang, Yu Sun, Lin Shen and Yang Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is well established as a pathogenic fat depot, whereas superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with either an improved or neutral cardiovascular state. However...

    Authors: Hadar Klein, Hila Zelicha, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Ehud Rinott, Gal Tsaban, Alon Kaplan, Yoash Chassidim, Yftach Gepner, Matthias Blüher, Uta Ceglarek, Berend Isermann, Michael Stumvoll, Ilan Shelef, Lu Qi, Jun Li, Frank B. Hu…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2025 23:92

  33. Guidelines recognized dual combination in initial antihypertensive therapy. Studies found that low-dose quadruple combination were superior to monotherapy. However, whether low-dose quadruple therapy is better...

    Authors: Xiexiong Zhao, Tao Liu, Qiong Yang, Guoping Yang, Xingli Li, Xiaohong Tang, Jingle Li, Zhongshu Liang, Anying Li, Lixiong Zeng, Juan Wen, Xiaoyan Wang, Liping Peng, Wenjuan Wang, Jingjing Cai, Ye Chen…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. While previous reports characterised global and regional variations in RSV seasonality, less is known about local variations in RSV seasonal characteristics. This study aimed to understand the local-level vari...

    Authors: Sheng Ye, Shuyu Deng, Yumeng Miao, David Torres-Fernandez, Quique Bassat, Xin Wang and You Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Many studies have found more severe COVID-19 outcomes in migrants and ethnic minorities throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, while recent evidence also suggests higher risk of longer-term consequences. We studied...

    Authors: Agneta Cederström, George Frederick Mkoma, Thomas Benfield, Charles Agyemang, Marie Nørredam and Mikael Rostila
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Patients at need for ventilation often are at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although lung-protective ventilation strategies, including low driving pressure settings, are well known to imp...

    Authors: Ursula Burger-Klepp, Mathias Maleczek, Robin Ristl, Bettina Kroyer, Marcus Raudner, Claus G. Krenn and Roman Ullrich
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. We synthesised the current evidence in coverage and quality of delivery care, change in neonatal mortality (NMR), and causes of neonatal death in the private sector deliveries in the Indian state of Bihar from...

    Authors: G. Anil Kumar, Sibin George, Moutushi Majumder, S. Siva Prasad Dora, Md Akbar, Tanmay Mahapatra and Rakhi Dandona
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. This study aimed to construct a radiomics-based imaging biomarker for the non-invasive identification of transformed follicular lymphoma (t-FL) using PET/CT images.

    Authors: Chong Jiang, Chunjun Qian, Qiuhui Jiang, Hang Zhou, Zekun Jiang, Yue Teng, Bing Xu, Xin Li, Chongyang Ding and Rong Tian
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Adolescent diabetes is one of the major public health problems worldwide. This study aims to estimate the burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adolescents from 1990 ...

    Authors: Xing Chen, Luying Zhang and Wen Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Mechanisms underlying the association of life-course adiposity with incident hypertension in adulthood have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential biochemic...

    Authors: Shujing Ma, Xue Liu, Ruilang Lin, Ye Yao, Min Zhao, Yongfu Yu, Costan G. Magnussen and Bo Xi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Chile’s Food Labelling Law was implemented in three phases with increasingly stricter limits. After initial implementation, sugars and sodium decreased in packaged foods, with no significant changes for satura...

    Authors: Natalia Rebolledo, Pedro Ferrer-Rosende, Marcela Reyes, Lindsey Smith Taillie and Camila Corvalán
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Hospitals fulfill an important exemplary role in promoting health and well-being. It is therefore crucial to have a supportive food environment that stimulates healthy and sustainable food choices of patients,...

    Authors: Joline J. Wierda, Femke van Nassau, Sanne K. Djojosoeparto and Maartje P. Poelman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Prospective trial evidence is lacking regarding the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in transvaginal pelvic floor reconstruction surgery among older patients. Our study aimed to investigat...

    Authors: Xuezhu Huang, Sisi Deng, Xiaofeng Lei, Shentao Lu, Ling Dai and Chunyan She
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to brain alterations, but the specific regions affected and the causal associations between these changes remain unclear.

    Authors: Kang Wu, Qiming Gan, Yuhong Pi, Yanjuan Wu, Wenjin Zou, Xiaofen Su, Sun Zhang, Xinni Wang, Xinchun Li and Nuofu Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. A 12-month cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated the effectiveness of an application-based education program in reducing the salt intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of schoolchildren’s a...

    Authors: Yuan Li, Puhong Zhang, Feng J. He, Rong Luo, Jing Song, Changqiong Wang, Fengge Chen, Wei Zhao, Yuhong Zhao, Hang Chen, Tianyong Wu, Xiaoyan Wang, Hui Zhou, Zhi Han and Jie Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of non-invasive early detection tools, which significantly impacts patient prognosis. Given that glycosylation ...

    Authors: Jianlin Chen, Yue Zheng, Zhen Wang, Qi Gao, Kun Hao, Xiongfeng Chen, Nantian Ke, Xiang Lv, Jiamiao Weng, Yuhong Zhong, Zhixin Huang, Miao Fu, Lilan Zhao, Fan Lin, Hui Mi, Haijun Tang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Intermediate phenotypes, such as characteristic neuroimaging patterns, offer unique insights into the genetic and stress-related underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. This study aimed to...

    Authors: Huiling Guo, Yao Xiao, Shuai Dong, Jingyu Yang, Pengfei Zhao, Tongtong Zhao, Aoling Cai, Lili Tang, Juan Liu, Hui Wang, Ruifang Hua, Rongxun Liu, Yange Wei, Dandan Sun, Zhongchun Liu, Mingrui Xia…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2025 23:38
    Content type: Research Published on:
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